Abstract
During a study of the extremely thermophilic bacteria of Yellowstone, we became aware of the published report (Scaglia et al., 1983) of the isolation of a thermophilic amoeba (Naegleria australiensis) from the bathing pools of a commercial Italian hot spring spa and their observation that some of these newly isolated amoebae strains were as virulent for mice as Naegleria fowleri, the etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans (John, 1982; Marciano-Cabral, 1988). Because of the possibility that similar types of thermophilic pathogenic amoebae might be present in the Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Park thermal areas and possible exposure to park visitors and employees, we conducted a survey for Naegleria isolates, concentrated on those pools or outflows where it was known that visitors and employees used these pools for unauthorized bathing and soaking (Whittley, 1995).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Boyle, J., Kingston, N., and Jolley, W. 1982. Thermophilic amoebae from Yellowstone Hot Springs. Annual Meeting, Am. Soc. Parasit Ab. 31.
Brock, T. D., and Freeze, H. 1969. Thermus aquaticus, gen. n. and sp. n., a nonsporulating extreme thermophile. J. Bacteriol. 98:289–297.
Cerva, L. 1969. Amoebic meningoencephalitis: axenic culture of Naegleria. Science 163:576.
DeJonckheere, J. 1977. Use of an axenic medium for differentiation between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Naegleria fowleri isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:751–757.
DeJonckheere, J., and Van De Voorde, H. 1977. The distribution of Naegleria fowleri in man-made thermal waters. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:10–15.
DeJonckheere, J. F. 1979. Occurrence of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba in aquaria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:590–593.
DeJonckheere, J. 1981. Naegleria australiensis sp. nov., another pathogenic Naegleria from water. Protistologica 17:423–429.
DeJonckheere, J. F., Aerts, M., and Martinez, A. J. 1983. Naegleria australiensis: Experimental meningoencephalitis in mice. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77:712–716.
DeJonckheere, J. F., Pernin, P., Scaglia, M., and Michel, R. 1984. A comparative study of 14 strains of Naegleria australiensis demonstrates the existence of a highly virulent subspecies: N. australiensis italica n. ssp. J. Protozool 31:324–331.
Jensen, T., and Dubes, G. R. 1962. Cloning, titration, and differentiation of Acanthamoeba sp. by plating. J. Parasitol. 48:280–286.
John, D. T. 1982. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and the biology of Naegleria fowleri. Annu. Rev. Microbiol 63:101–123.
John, D. T., Cole, T. B., and Marciano-Cabral, F. 1984. Sucker-like structure on the pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 47:12–14.
John, D. T., and Hoppe, K. L. 1990. Susceptibility of wild mammals to infection with Naegleria fowleri. J. Parasitol. 76:865–868.
Kilvington, S., and Beeching, J. 1995. Development of a PCR for identification of Naegleria fowleri from the environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 61:3764–3767.
Kollars, T. M., and Wilhelm, W. E. 1996. The occurrence of antibodies to Naegleria species in wild mammals. J. Parasitol. 82:73–77.
Kyle, D. E., and Noblet, G. P. 1985. Vertical distribution of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in freshwater lakes. J. Protozool. 32:99–105.
Loginova, L. G., and Egorova, L. A. 1975. Thermus ruber obligate thermophilic bacteria in thermal springs of Kamchatka. Mikrobiologiia 44:661–665.
Marciano-Cabral, F., 1988. Biology of Naegleria spp. Microbiol. Rev. 52:114–133.
Martinez, A. J., and Visvesvara, G. S. 1997. Free-living, amphizoic and opportunistic amebas. Brain Pathol. 7:583–598.
Mitchell, L. G., Mutchmor, J. A., and Dolphin, W. D. 1988. Zoology. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
O’Dell, W. D., and Stevens, A. R. 1973. Quantitative growth in Naegleria in axenic culture. Appl. Microbiol. 25:621–627.
O’Dell, W. D. 1979. Isolation, enumeration and identification of amoebae from a Nebraska lake. J. Protozool. 26:265–269.
Page, F. C. 1967. Taxonomic criteria for limax amoebae, with description of 3 new species of Hartmannella and 3 of Vahlkampfia. J. Bacteriol. 98:289–297.
Ramaley, R. F., and Hixson, J. 1970. Isolation of a nonpigmented, thermophilic bacterium similar to Thermus aquaticus. J. Bacteriol. 103:527–528.
Ramaley, R. F., and Bitzinger, K. 1975. Types and distribution of obligate thermophilic bacteria in man-made and natural thermal gradients. Appl. Microbiol. 30:152–155.
Ramaley, R. F., Bitzinger, K., Carroll, R. M., and Wilson, R. B. 1975. Isolation of a new pink thermophilic bacterium (K-2 Isolate). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 25:357–364.
Scaglia, M., Storsselli, M., Grazioli, V., Gatti, S., Bernuzzi, A. M. and DeJonckheere, J. F. 1983. Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria australiensis (Amoebida, Vahlkampfidae) from a spa in Northern Italy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:1282–1285.
Scanlan, R L. 1988. Application of the API ZYM system in the identification of Naegleria isolates. M.S. Thesis, University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Stevens, A. R., DeJonckheere, J., and Willaert, E. 1980. Naegleria lovaniensis new species: Isolation and identification of six thermophilic strains of a new species found in association with Naegleria fowleri. Int. J. Parasit. 10:51–64.
Thong, Y. H., and Ferrante, A. 1986. Migration pattern of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Nagleria spp. Infect. Immun. 51:177–180.
Whittley, L. H. 1995. Death in Yellowstone. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart.
Willaert, E. 1971. Isolement et culture in vitro des amibes du genre Naegleria. Ann. Soc. Beige Med. Trop. 51: 701–708.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramaley, R.F., Scanlan, P.L., O’Dell, W.D. (2001). Presence of Thermophilic Naegleria Isolates in the Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. In: Reysenbach, AL., Voytek, M., Mancinelli, R. (eds) Thermophiles Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1197-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1197-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5436-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1197-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive