Abstract
In this review, we will present the main features of the genetic variability and the molecular epidemiology of the Primate T Lymphotropic Viruses (PTLVs). This group of retroviruses includes the human T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma-lymphotropic viruses type 1 and type 2, the related simian retroviruses (STLV-1 and STLV-2) as well as the recently described STLV-3 (formerly STLV-L). These viruses exhibit some common features such as a characteristic and peculiar microepidemiology with a puzzling repartition throughout the world, similar modes of transmission, mainly through breast feeding and sexual contact, and an extraordinary high genetic stability over time. Viral amplification via clonal expansion of infected cells, rather than by reverse transcription, could explain this remarkable genetic stability which can be used as a molecular tool to follow the migrations of infected populations in the recent or distant past and thus to gain new insights into the origin, evolution and modes of dissemination of such retroviruses and their hosts.
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Gessain, A., Meertens, L., Mahieux, R. (2002). Molecular Epidemiology of Human T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Viruses Type 1 and Type 2 (HTLV-1/2) and Related Simian Retroviruses (STLV-1, STLV-2 and STLV-L/3). In: Leitner, T. (eds) The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1157-1_7
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