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The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses pp 25–40Cite as

Phylogenetic Approaches to Molecular Epidemiology

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Abstract

Phylogenies, diagrams of branching patterns representing the estimated evolutionary histories among organisms or their parts (Crandall, 2001), have become essential tools in the study of the molecular epidemiology of disease agents. While the idea of using phylogenetic approaches to study epidemiology is not new (Harvey et al., 1996; Harvey and Nee, 1994), this book is a testament to the extraordinary information that can be obtained through a phylogenetic analysis of the etiological agents of disease. A prime example of the troubles encountered when the phylogenetic approach is ignored comes from the outbreak of the West Nile Virus in New York City. This virus was responsible for multiple deaths in New York, yet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initially misdiagnosed the causative agent as St. Louis encephalitis due to their lack of an appropriate phylogenetic comparison (Enserink, 1999). The study of origins, spread, and diversity of pathogens are clearly evolutionary questions. Only after the serological evidence was coupled with strong phylogenetic evidence was the etiological agent responsible for the encephalitis outbreak in New York correctly identified as the West Nile Virus (Lanciotti et al., 1999). Likewise, other chapters in this book provide extensive examples of the insights obtained through phylogenetic thinking.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Biology & Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University Provo, UT, 84602-5255, USA

    Keith A. Crandall

  2. Variagenics, Inc., 60 Hampshire Street Cambridge, MA, 02139-1548, USA

    David Posada

  3. Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    David Posada

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  1. Keith A. Crandall
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  1. Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 17182, Solna, Sweden

    Thomas Leitner

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Crandall, K.A., Posada, D. (2002). Phylogenetic Approaches to Molecular Epidemiology. In: Leitner, T. (eds) The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1157-1_3

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