Skip to main content

Inward and Outward Currents and Cardiac Discontinuous Conduction

  • Chapter
Heart Cell Coupling and Impulse Propagation in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Basic Science for the Cardiologist ((BASC,volume 12))

  • 159 Accesses

Abstract

In the normal heart, most of the individual cardiac cells are well coupled to adjacent cells through gap junctions. Because of this, the myocardium is referred to as an electrical syncytium such that excitation occurring at any location is able to spread throughout all parts of the heart which are not refractory to stimulation. The process of action potential propagation in the heart has generally been considered as a multi-dimensional analog of the continuous one-dimensional propagation observed in unmyelinated nerve fibers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference

  • Alanis, J. and D. Benitez. 1967 Transitional potentials and the propagation of impulses through different cardiac cells. In Sano, T., V. Misuhira, and K. Matsuda, eds. Electrophysiology and Ultrastructure of the Heart. Tokyo,Japan, Bunkoko Co.,Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alanis, J. and D. Benitez. 1970 Purkinje and transitional cells action potential and the propagation across the purkinje-ventricular junction.Jpn.J Physiol.20: 217–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beuckelmann, D. J., M. Nabauer, and E. Erdmann. 1993 Alterations of K+ currents in isolated human ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure.Circulation Research.73: 379–385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binah, O. 1990 The transient outward current in the mammalian heart. In Rosen, M. R., M. J. Janse, and A. L. Wit, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology: a textbook. Mount Kisco, NY, Futura Press, 93–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabo, C., H. Schmitt, and A. L. Wit. 2000 New mechanism of antiarrhythmic drugaction: increasing L-type calcium current prevents reentrant ventricular tachycardia m the mfarcted canine heart.Circulation.102: 2417–2425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. L., R. L. Rasmusson, M. B. Comer, and H. C. Strauss. 1995 The cardiac calcium-independent transient outward potassium current: Kinetics, molecular properties and role in ventricular repolarization. In Zipes, D. P. and J. Jalife, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 83–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. L., R. L. Rasmusson, Y. Qu, and H. C. Strauss. 1993 The calcium-independent transient outward potassium current in isolated ferret right ventricular myocytes. I. Basic Characterization and kinetic analysis.J.Gen.PhysioL.101: 571–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. B., W. R. Giles, and Y. Imaizumi. 1988 Properties of the transient outward current in rabbit atrial cells.J.Physiol. (London).405: 147–168.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escande, D., A. Coulombe, J. Faivre, E. Deroubaix, and E. Coraboeuf.(1987) Two types of transient outward currents in adult human atrial cells.Am.J Physiol..252: H142–H148.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fermini, B., Z. Wang, D. Duan, and S. Nattel. 1992 Differences in rate dependence of transient outward current in rabbit and human atrium.Am.J Physiol..263: H1747–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giles, W. R. and Y. Imaizumi. 1988 Comparison of potassium currents in rabbit atrial and ventricular cells.J.Physiol. (Londoll).405: 123–145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiraoka, M. and S. Kawano. 1989 Calcium-sensitive and insensitive transientoutward current in rabbit ventricular myocytes.J.Physiol.(Lond).410: 187–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huelsing, D. J.., A. E. Pollard, and K. W. Spitzer. 2001 Transient outward current modulates discontinuous conduction in rabbit ventricular cell pairs.Cardiovasc.Res.49: 779–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huelsing, D. J., K. W. Spitzer, J. M. Cordeiro, and A. E. Pollard. 1999 Modulation of repolarization in rabbit Purkinje and ventricular myocytes coupled by a variable resistance.Am.J Physiol..276: H572–H581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeck, C. D., J. M. Pinto, and P. A. Boyden. 1995 Transient outward currents in subendocardial purkinje myocytes surviving in the infarcted heart.Circulation.92: 465–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joyner, R. W., R. Kumar, R. Wilders, H. J. Jongsma, E. E. Verheijck, D. A. Golod, A. C. van Ginneken, M. B. Wagner, and W. N. Goolsby. 1996 Modulating L-type calcium current affects discontinuous cardiac action potential conduction.Biophys.J..71: 237–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, R. and R. W. Joyner. 1995 Calcium currents of ventricular cell pairs during action potential conduction.Am.J.Physiol..268: H24764–H2486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Grand, B., S. Hatem, E. Deroubaix, J. P. Couetil, and E. Coraboeuf. 1994 Depressed transient outward and calcium currents in dilated human atria.Cardiovasc.Res..28: 548–556.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litovsky, S. H. and C. Antzelevitch. 1988 Transient outward current prominent in canine ventricular epicardium but not endocardium.Circ.Res..62: 116–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, C. H. and Y. Rudy. 1994 A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes.Circ.Res..74: 1071–1096.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Palomo, A.,J. Alanis, and D. Benitez. 1970 Transitional cells of the conduction system of the dog heart.J.Cell.Biol..47: 1–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez, C., W. J. Mueller, J. Meredith, and G. K. Moe. 1969 Interaction of transmembrane potentials in canine purkinje fibers and at purkinje fiber-muscle junctions.Circ.Res..24: 361–373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez, C., W. J. Mueller, and X. Urguiaga. 1970 Propagation of impulses acreoss the purkinje fiber-muscle junctions in the dog heart.Circ.Res..26: 135–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myerburg, R. J., J. S. Cameron, N. J. Lodge, S. Kimura, N. Saoudi, P. L. Kozlovskis, and A. L. Bassett. 1985 The papillary musle preparation in a study of cardiac electrophysiology, electropharmacology, and disease models. In Zipes, D. P. and J. Jalife, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. Orlando, FL, Grune & Stratton, 225–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myerburg, R. J., K. Nilsson, and H. Gelband. 1972 Physiology of canine interventricular conduction and endocardial excitation.Circ.Res..30: 217–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Overholt, E. D., R. W. Joyner, R. D. Veenstra, D. Rawling, and R. Weidmann. 1984 Unidirectional block between purkinje and ventricular layers of papillary muscle.Am.J.Physiol..247: H584–H595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawling, D. A. and R. W. Joyner. 1987 Characteristics of the junctional regions between Purkinje and ventricular muscle cells of the canine ventricular subendocardium.Circ.Res..60: 580–585.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohr, S. and J. P. Kucera. 1997 Involvement of the calcium inward current in cardiac impulse propagation: induction of unidirectional conduction block by nifedipine and reversal by Bay K 8644.Biophys.J.72: 754–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, R. M. and Y. Rudy. 1997 Ionic mechanisms of propagation in cardiac tissue. Roles of the sodium and L-type calcium currents during reduced excitability and decreased gap junction coupling.Circ.Res..81: 727–741.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, E. F., T. Drury, H. Retsum, V. Abirete, and W. Giles. 1989 Contributions of a transient outward current to repolarization in human atrium.Am.JPhysioL.257: H1773–H1781.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura, H. and R. W. Joyner. 1992 Action potential conduction between guinea pig ventricular cells can be modulated by calcium current.Am.J.Physiol..263: H1591–604.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, R. C. and R. W. Joyner. 1990 Electrotonic influences on action potentials from isolated ventricular cells.Circ.Res..67: 1071–1081.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomita, F., A. L. Bassett, R. J. Myerburg, and S. Kimura. 1994 Diminished transient outward currents in rat hypertrophied ventricular myocytes.Circ.Res..75: 296–303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tranum-Jensen, J., A. A. Wilde, J. T. Vermeulen, and M. J. Janse. 1991 Morphology of electrophysiologically identified junctions between Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle m rabbit and pig hearts.Circ.Res..69: 429–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagoner, D. R., A. L. Pond, P. M. McCarthy, J. S. Trimmer, and J. M. Nerbonne. 1997 Outward K+ current densities and Kv1.5 expression are reduced in chronic human atrial fibrillation.Circ.Res..80: 772–781.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veenstra, R. D., R. W. Joyner, and D. A. Rawling. 1984 Purkinje and ventricular activation sequences of canine papillary muscle. Effects of quinidine and calcium on the purkinje-ventricular conduction delay.Circ.Res..54: 500–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, G. M. and S. J. Dollinger. 1994 Time course of postnatal changes in rat heart action potential and in transient outward current is different.Am.J.Physiol..267: H1157–H1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L. and H. J. Duff. 1997 Developmental changes in transient outward current in mouse ventricle.Circ.Res..81: 120–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. G., M. B. Wagner, R. Kumar, W. N. Goolsby, and R. W. Joyner. 2000 Fast pacing facilitates discontinuous action potential propagation between rabbit atrial cells.Am.J PhysioL.In Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., B. Fermini, and S. Nattel. 1993 Mechanism of flecainide’s rate-dependent actions on action potential duration in canine atrial tissue.J.PharmacoLExp.Ther..267: 575–581.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wettwer, E., G. J. Amos, H. Posival, and U. Ravens. 1994 Transient outward current in human ventricular myocytes of subepicardial and subendocardial origin.Circ.Res..75: 473–482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedmann, R. T., R. C. Tan, and R. W. Joyner. 1996 Discontinuous conduction at Purkinje-ventricular muscle junction.Am.J.Physiol..271: H1507–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilders, R., R. Kumar, R. W. Joyner, H. J. Jongsma, E. E. Verheijck, D. Golod, A. C. van Ginneken, and W. N. Goolsby. 1996 Action potential conduction between a ventricular cell model and an isolated ventricular cell.Biophys.J..70: 281–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuanetti, G., R. H. Hoyt, and P. B. Corr. 1990 Beta-adrenergic-mediated influences on microscopic conduction in epicardial regions overlying infarcted myocardium.Circ.Res..67: 284–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wagner, M.B., Joyner, R.W. (2002). Inward and Outward Currents and Cardiac Discontinuous Conduction. In: Heart Cell Coupling and Impulse Propagation in Health and Disease. Basic Science for the Cardiologist, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1155-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1155-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5419-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1155-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics