Abstract
The cranial nerves originate from a diverse group of nuclei and ganglia and innervate primarily the skin and muscles of the shoulder, head and neck. The structures innervated by the cranial nerves are especially important for many of the communications skills of humans including facial expression, language, sight, smell, taste and hearing. Another major function of cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X is to provide the parasympathetic innervation to the eyes, heart and GI system in the body; that is one of the major survival mechanisms for our species.
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© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Marcus, E.M., Jacobson, S. (2003). The Cranial Nerves. In: Integrated Neuroscience. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1077-2_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1077-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5383-6
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