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Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Hepatitis Viruses

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Hepatitis Viruses

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), diagnosed with increased frequency, contributes to 4.1% of all known human carcinomas, and accounts for 350,000 new cases per year worldwide (1–4). The incidence of histology-proven HCC rose from 1.4 per 100,000 population (1976–1980) to 2.4 per 100,000 (1991–1995) associated with higher mortality (41%), increased hospitalization (46%), and rise in hepatitis viral infection (5). Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections account for 75–85% of HCC, with the remainder related to ethanol, oral contraceptives, and aflatoxin B1 exposure (2). Approximately 500–600 million people worldwide are HBV- or HCV-positive (6), with the United States accounting for 3.9 million (HCV), and 1.25 million (HBV) (4). Severe forms of HBV/HCV infection, encompassing hepatocyte inflammation, and increased cell turnover, place individuals at higher risk for HCC. Chronic hepatitis leads to liver necrosis/fibrosis, inflammation, and increased cytokine synthesis, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation followed by DNA mutation(s), cellular transformation, and the development of HCC (7). HBV- and HCV-coinfection progresses to liver cirrhosis at a higher rate (33%) than in HCV infection alone (19%), and both are important in the pathogenesis of HCC (8–11).

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  1. Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA

    Marcus W. Wiedmann & Jack R. Wands

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    J.-H. James Ou

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Wiedmann, M.W., Wands, J.R. (2002). Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Hepatitis Viruses. In: Ou, JH.J. (eds) Hepatitis Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0881-6_9

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