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The Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus

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Hepatitis Viruses

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major infectious cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world (1). Despite the availability of an effective vaccine for 2 decades, approximately 1.2 million people still die each year from HBV-related diseases. HBV usually causes only mild symptoms upon acute infection, although rarely fatal fulminant hepatitis can occur. The great majority of infected adults successfully clear the virus and acquire life-long immunity to HBV. However, others fail to mount an effective immune response, and the virus replicates for long periods (years to decades) in their livers. Children are even more susceptible to chronic HBV infection, probably because of the immaturity of their immune system. Chronically infected people are at high risk for developing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They also serve as the reservoir for further spread of infection. Transmission is by contact with blood and other bodily fluids, although the exact route shows geographic variation and is not always well defined. In Western countries, sexual activity and needle sharing constitute the major routes of transmission, while in Asia mother-to-infant transmission via blood at the time of birth is common. In addition, close contact with infected people is a major risk factor, and indeed is the major route of transmission among children in Africa. Health care workers, especially surgeons, dentists, and nurses, are also highly susceptible to infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology Service 113B, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA

    T. S. Benedict Yen

  2. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0506, USA

    T. S. Benedict Yen

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  1. T. S. Benedict Yen
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  1. University of Southern California, USA

    J.-H. James Ou

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© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Yen, T.S.B. (2002). The Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus. In: Ou, JH.J. (eds) Hepatitis Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0881-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0881-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5285-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0881-6

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