Skip to main content

Mammary Gland Defense: The Role of Colostrum, Milk and Involution Secretion

  • Chapter
Advances in Nutritional Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Nutritional Research ((ANUR,volume 10))

  • 504 Accesses

Abstract

The survival of the newborn of all mammals is dependent on an adequate supply of maternal milk that in turn is dependent upon a healthy mammary gland. During lactation, insults to the mammary gland may occur from blockage of ducts, microbial invasion and trauma. These events result in inflammation (mastitis) and occasionally sequelae such as abscess and septicemia. Discussion of protection of the mammary gland against mastitis requires a comprehensive understanding of the process of inflammation and the complex interactions that comprise the defense mechanisms within the mammary gland. One mechanism, not often fully considered in the defense of the mammary gland, is the protective role of milk

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abakada, A.O., Hartmann, P.E., and Grubb, W.B. 1990. Sodium and serum albumin in milk: biochemical markers for human lactational mastopathy.Proceedings of the Australian Biochemical Society22:SP52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abakada, A.O., Grubb, W.B., and Hartmann, P.E. 1992. Milk composition from mastopathic breasts with and without a history of mastopathy.Proceedings of the Australian Biochemical Society17:59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akin, D.T., Lu, M.Q., Lu, S.J., Kendall, S., Rundegren, J., and Arnold, R.R. 1994. Bactericidal activity of different forms of lactoferrin, in:Lactoferrin:Structure and Function: Advances in Experimental Medicine and BiologyVol. 357 (T.W. Hutchens, S.V. Rumball, and B. Lönnerdal, eds.), Flenum Press, New York, pp. 61–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akkers, R.M. and Thompson, W. 1987. Effect of induced leukocyte migration on mammary cell morphology and milk component biosynthesis.J Dairy Sci.70:1685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali-Vehmas, T., Vikerpur, M., Fanf, W, and Sandholm, M. 1997. Giving selenium supplements to dairy cows strengthens the inflammatory response to intramammary infection and induces a growth suppressing effect on mastitis pathogens in whey.Zentralblatt Fur Veterinarmedizin ReiheA.44(9–10):559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, R.R., Cole, M.F., and McGhee, J.R. 1977. A bactericidal effect for human milk lactoferrin.Science197:263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, W, Takase, M., Wakabayashi, H., Kawase, K., and Tomita, M. 1992. Antibacterial spectrum of lactoferricin B, a potent bactericidal peptide derived from the N-terminal region of bovine lactoferrin. J.Appl. Bact.73(6):472.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beming, L.M., Paape, M.J., and Peters, R.R. 1993. Functional variation in endogenous and exogenous immunoglobulin binding to bovine neutrophils relative to parturition.Am. J. Vet. Res.54:1145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bramley, A.J. 1991. Mastitis: physiology or pathology?, in:New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastitis(C. Burvenich, G. Vandeputte-Van Messon, A.W. Hill, eds.), Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium, pp. 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breton-Gorius, J., Mason, D.Y., Buriot, D., Vilde, J., and Griscelli, C. 1980. Lactoferrin deficiency as a consequence of a lack of specific granules in neutrophils from a patient with recurrent infections.Am. J. Pathol.99(2):413.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Britigan, B.E., Serody, J.S., and Cohen, M.S. 1994. The role of lactoferrin as an anti-inflammatory molecule, in:Lactoferrin:Structure and Function: Advances in Experimental Medicine and BiologyVol. 357 (T.W. Hutchens, S.V. Rumball, and B. Lönnerdal, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 143–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, J.H., Steel, E.D., and Reiter, B. 1975. The effect of intramuscular and intramammary vaccination of cows on antibody levels and resistance to intramammary infections by S. aureus.Res. Vet. Sci.19:152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodribb, W. (ed.). 1997.Breastfeeding Management in Australia: A Reference and Study Guide.Nursing Mothers’ Association of Australia, Vic., Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullen, J.J., Rodgers, H.J., and Leigh, L. 1972. Iron binding proteins in milk and resistance to Escherichia coli infection in infants.Br. Med. J.1:69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandan, R.C., Parry, R.M., and Shahani, K.M. 1968. Lysosyme, lipase and ribonuclease in milk of various species.J Dairy Sci.51:606.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chew, B.P., Hollen, L.L., Hillers, J.K., and Hertugson, M.L. 1982. Relationship between vitamin A and beta catotene in blood plasma and milk and mastitis in Holsteins.J Dairy Sci.65(11):2111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chew, B.P. and Johnston, L.A. 1985. Effects of supplemental vitamin A and beta carotene on mastitis in dairy cows.J Dairy Sci.68(suppl. 1):191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cifrian, E., Guidry, A.J., O’Brien, C.N., and Nickerson, S.C. 1994. Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells.J. Dairy Sci.77:970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, A.E. 1979. Elevated levels of sodium and chloride in milk from mastitic breast.Paediatr.63(6):910.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craven, N. and Williams, M.R. 1985. Defences of the bovine mammary gland against infection and prospects for their enhancement.Vet. Immun. Immunopath.10:71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, S.P.M., Slater, K.J., and Fletcher, J. 1992. Regulation of cytokine release from mononuclear cells by iron binding protein lactoferrin.Blood80:235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daley, M.J., Williams, T., Dougherty, R., Coyle, E, Furda, G., and Hayes, P. 1991.Staphylococcus aureusmastitis: pathogenesis and treatment with bovine interleukin-1 and interleukin-2.J Dairy Sci.74:4413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daley, M.J., Furda, G., Dougherty, R., Coyle, P., Williams, T., and Johnston, P. 1992. Potentiation of antibiotic therapy ofStaphylococcus aureusmastitis by recombinant bovine interluekin-2.J. Dairy Sci.75:3330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, L.R., Chew, B.P., Tanaka, T.S., and Tjoelker, L.W. 1991. B-carotene and vitamin A effects on bovine phagocyte function in vitro during the peripartum period.J. Dairy Sci.74:124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devereux, W.P. 1970. Acute puerperal mastitis.Am. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.108(1):78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunney, S. and Shuster, D. 1995. Recombinant bovine interluekin-1B as an adjunct therapuetic for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in lactating dairy cows.Proceedings of the 4th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium.Davis, California, USA, 16–21 July, p. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutia, B.M., Ross, A.J., and Hopkins, J. 1993. Comparison of workshop on CD45R monoclonal antibodies with OvCD45R monoclonal antibodies in sheep.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.39:121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison III, R.T. 1994. The effects of lactoferrin on gram-negative bacteria, in:Lactoferrin:Structure and Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and BiologyVol. 357 (T.W. Hutchens, S.V. Rumball, and B. Lönnerdal, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 61–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferens, W.A. Davis, W.C. Hamilton, M.J. Park, Y.H. Deobald, C.F. Fox, L., and Bohach, G. 1998. Activation of bovine lymphocyte subpopulations by staphylococcal entertoxin C.Infect. Immun.66(2):573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fetherston, C. 1995. Factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and duration in a private Western Australian maternity hospital.Breastfeeding Review3(1):9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fetherston, C. 1997. Characteristics of lactation mastitis in a Western Australian cohort.Breast-feeding Review5(2):5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fetherston, C. 1998. Risk factors for lactation mastitis.J. Hum. Lact.14:101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fetrow, J., Anderson, K., Sexton, S., and Butcher, K. 1988. Herd composite somatic cell counts: average linear score and weighted average somatic cell count score and milk production. J.Dairy Sci.68:2100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filteau, S.M., Rive, A.M., Ball, J.J., Chakrborty, J., Stoltzfus, R., and de Francisco, A. 1999a. Breastmilk immune factors in Bangladeshi women supplemented postpartum with retinol or B-carotene.Am. J Clin. Nutr.69:953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filteau, S.M., Lietz, G., Mulokozi, G., Bilotta, S., Henry, C.J.K., and Tomkins, A.M. 1999b. Milk cytokines and subclinical breast inflammation in Tanzanian women: effects of dietary red palm oil or sunflower oil supplementation.Immunology7:595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, A.J., Brooker, B.E., and Hill, A.W. 1984. The effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin and culture filtrate on the lactating bovine mammary gland.Aust. Vet. J.61:77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garofalo, R.P. and Goldman, A.S. 1999. Expression of functional immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory factors in human milk.Clinics in Perinatology26(2):361.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson, M., Cripps, A.W., and Clancy, R.L. 1995. Modifiers of the human mucosal immune system.Immunol. Cell Biol.73:397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, A.S. 1993. The immune system of human milk: antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties.Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.12:664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, A.S., Garza, C.S., Nichols, B.L., and Goldblum, R.M. 1982. Immunological factors in human milk during the first year of lactation.J. Paediatr.100:563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, A.S., Goldblum, R.M., and Hanson, L.A. 1990. Anti-inflammatory systems in human milkAdv. Exp. Med. Biol.262:69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golota, V.Y. and Altuev, G.N. 1984. Composition of milk during mastitis.Akusherstvo I Ginekologia Moscow9:48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, N.M.H., Chiron, R., Barlholomeusz, A., Taboonpong, N., and LaBrooy, J.T. 1988. Doesanxiety reduce the secretion rate of secretory IgA in saliva?Med. J. Aust.148:131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamosh, M. 1998. Protective functions of proteins and lipids in milkBiol. Neonate74:163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, L.A., Mattsby-Baitzer, I., Engberg, I., Roseneanu, A., Elverfors, J., and Motas, C. 1995. Anti-inflammatory capacities of human milk: lactoferrin and secretory IgA inhibit endotoxin-induced cytokine release, in:Advances in Mucosal Immunology(J. Mestecky, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 669–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, R.J. 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts.J. Dairy Sci.77:2103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, R.J., Schanbacher, F.L., Ferguson, L.C., and Smith, K.L. 1976. Changes in lactoferrin, immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, and alpha lactalbumin during acute experimental and natural coliform mastitis in cows.Infect Immunol.13(2):533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, P.E. and Kulski, J.K. 1978. Changes in the composition of the mammary secretion of women after abrupt termination of breastfeeding.J. Physiol. (Lond).275:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, W.S., Conner, W.E., and Lindsey, S. 1984. Will dietary n-3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk?Am. J. Clin. Nutr.40:780.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasty, D.L., Beachey, E.H., Courtney, H.S., and Simpson, W.A. 1989. Interactions between fibronectin and bacteria, in:Fibronectin in Health and Disease(S. Carsons, ed.), CRC Press, Florida, pp. 89–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A.W. 1981. Factors influencing the outcome ofE colimastitis in cows.Res. Vet. Sci.31:107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, J., Svennerholm, A.M., Lindbald, M., and Strecker, G. 1986. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and toxin binding by gycoconjugate and oligosaccharide receptor analogues in human milk, in:Lactation III: The Effects of Human Milk Upon the Recipient Infant(A.S. Goldman, S.A. Atkinson, and L.A. Hanson, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 251–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hungerford, T.G. 1990.Diseases of Livestock.McGraw Hill. NSW, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Islam, K.B., Baskin, B., Nilsson, L., Hammerstrom, L., Sideras, P., and Smith, C.I. 1994. Molecular analysis of IgA deficiency: evidence for impaired switching to IgA.J. Immun.152:1442.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jemmott, J.B., Borysenko, J.Z., Borysenko, M., McClelland, D.C., Chapman, R., Meyer, D., and Benson, H. 1993. Academic stress, power, motivation and decrease in secretion rate of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A.Lancet 1:1400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, S. and Pulkinnen, M.O. 1994. Mastitis today: incidence, prevention and treatment.Annales Chirugiae et Gynaecologiae83:84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashiwazaki, Y. 1984. Lymphocyte activities in dairy cows with special reference to outbreaks of mastitis in pre and post partus.Jpn. J. Vet. Res.32:101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, S.E., Schmalstieg, F.C., Palowetz, K.H., Rudolf, H.E., Le, B.M., and Goldman, A.S. 1993. Activated neutrophils and neutrophil activators in human milk: increased expression of CD1 lb and decreased expression of L-selectin. J.Leuk. Biol.54(2):97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kehrli, M.E. Jr and Goff, J.P. 1989. Periparturient hypocalcaemia in cows: effects on peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte function.J. Dairy Sci.72:1188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kehrli, M.E. and Shuster, D.E. 1994. Factors affecting milk somatic cells and their role in health of the bovine mammary gland.J. Dairy Sci.77:619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kehrli, M.E., Cullor, J.S., and Nickerson, S.C. 1991. Immunobiology of hematopoeitic colonoy stimulating factors: Potential appliation to disease prevention in the bovine.J. Dairy Sci.74:4399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kehrli, M.R. Jr., Nonnecke, B.J., and Roth, J.A. 1989. Alterations in bovine peripheral blood neutrophil function during the periparturient period.Am. J. Vet. Res.50:207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, P.C. and Miller, R.B. 1993. The mammary gland, in:Pathology of Domestic Animals4th ed., Vol 3 (K.V.F. Jubb, P.C. Kennedy, and N. Palmer, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 454–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinlay, J., O’Connell, D.L., and Kinlay, S. 1998. Incidence of mastitis in breastfeeding women during the six months after delivery: a prospective study.Med. J. Aust.169:310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulski, J.K. and Hartmann, P.E. 1981. Changes in human milk composition during the initia-tion of lactation.Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Medical Sc.59:769.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kutushev, F.K., Spesivtsev, I.A., Andreev, A.V., Mel’nikova, V.N., and Volkova, S.D. 1988. Use of the leukocyte mass in treatment of patients with suppurative lactation mastitis (abstract only).Vestn. Khir.141(8):95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuusela, P. 1978. Fibronectin binds to Staphylococcus aureus.Nature276:718.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuusela, P., Vartio, T., Vuento, M., and Myhre, E.B. 1985. Attachment of staphylococci and streptococci on fibronectin, fibronectin fragments and fibrinogen bound to a solid phase.Infect. Immun.50:77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lascelles, A.K. 1979. The immune system of the ruminant mammary gland and its role in the control of mastitis.J Dairy Sci.62:154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lascelles, A.K., Outterridge, P.M., and Mackenzie, D.S.S. 1966. Local production of antibody by the lactating mammary gland following antigenic stimulation.Aust. J Exp. Biol. Med. Sci.44:169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, R. 1994.Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession4th Ed., Mosby, St. Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.S. and Outterridge, P.M. 1981. Leukocytes of sheep colostrum, milk and involution secretion with particular reference to ultrastructure and lymphocyte subpopulations.J. Dairy Res.48:225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.S., Wooding, F.B.P., and Kemp, P. 1980. Identification, properties and differential counts of cell populations using electron microscopy of dry cow secretions, colostrum and milk from normal cows.J Dairy Res.47:39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.S., Meeusen, E., and Brandon, M.R. 1989. Subpopulations of lymphocytes in the mammary gland of sheep.Immunol.66:388.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.S., Meeusen, E., and Brandon, M.R. 1992. Local immunity in the mammary gland.J Vet. Immunopathol.32:1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee; C.S., Tatarczuch, L., and Philip, C. 1996. Mechanism of mammary gland involution in the sheep.Proc. Anat. Soc. Aust. N.Z.33:12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.S., Tatarczuch, L., Philip, C., and Dischof, R. 1998. Dendritic cells in involuting mammary gland secretions.Australasian Society for Immunology: 28 th Annual Conference

    Google Scholar 

  • Lees, P. 1991. General aspects of inflammation, in:New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastitis(C. Burvenich, G. Vandeputte-Van Messon, and A.W. Hill, eds.), Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium, pp. 43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leleu, O., Aubrey, P., Verhoest, P. Jounieaux, V. 1997. Tuberculosis of the breast.Revue des Maladies Respiratoires14(5):401.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lönnerdal, B. 1985. Biochemistry and physiological function of human milk proteins.Am. J. Clin. Nutr.42:1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lönnerdal, B. and Atkinson, S. 1995. Nitrogenous Components of Milk: Human Milk Proteins, in:Handbook of Milk Composition(R.G. Jensen, ed.), Academic Press, California, pp. 351–364.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lönnerdal, B. and Iyer, S. 1995. Lactoferrin: molecular structure and biological function.Ann. Rev. Nutr.15:93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makrides, M., Neumann, M.A., and Gibson, R.A. 1996. Effect of maternal docashexanaeoic acid (DHA) supplementation on breast milk composition.Eur. J Clin. Nutr.50:352.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mamo, W., Jonsson, P., Flock, J.I., Lindberg, M., Muller, H.P., Wadstrom, T., and Nelson, L. 1994. Vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis: immunological response of mice vaccinated with fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP-A) to challenge withS. aureus. Vaccine12(11):988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matheson, I, Aursnes, I., Horgen, M., Aabo, O., and Melby, K. 1988. Bacteriological findings and clinical symptoms in relation to clinical outcome in puerperal mastitis.Acta Obstet. Gynaecol. Scand.67:723.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxe, I., Ryden, C., Wadstrom, T., and Rubin, K. 1986. Specific attachment ofS. aureusto immobilised fibronectin.Inf. and Immun.54(3):695.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, G.H. 1973. Local antigenic stimulation of guinea pig mammary gland.Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci.51:237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, G.H. and Lascelles, A.K. 1969. Local production of antibody by ovine mammary glands infused with Salmonella flagellar antigens.Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci.47:669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, G.H. and Lascelles, A.K. 1971. Local production of antibody by the lactating mamary gland of the ewe and the effect of systemic immunisation.Res. Vet. Sci.12:113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miescher, S.M., Schreyer, C., Baras, C., Capasso, C., and Von Fleidner. 1990. Sparse distributions of gamma delta T lymphocytes around epithelial tumours predominately infiltrated by primed memory T cells.Cancer Immunol. Immunotherapy32:81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, E.A. and Calder, P.C. 1998. Modulation of immune function by dietary fatty acids.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society57:277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molenaar, A.J., Kuys, Y.M., Davis, S.R., Wilkins, R.J., Mead, P.E., and Tweedie, J.W. 1996. Elevation of lactoferrin gene expression in developing, ductal, resting and regressing parenchymal epithelium of the ruminant mammary gland.J. Dairy Sci.79:1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Movat, H.Z., Cybulsky, M.I., Colditz, I.G., Chan, M.K., and Dinarello, C.A. 1987. Acute inflammation in gram-negative infection: endotoxin, interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and neutrophils.Fed. Proc.46(1):97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, T.G. and Newbold, F.H.S. 1973. Glycogen in leukocytes from bovine milk and blood.Can. J Comp. Med.37:47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Mastitis Council. 1987.Current Concepts of Bovine Mastitis.3rd Ed. National Research Council, Arlington, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndiweni, N. and Finch, J.M. 1996. Effects ofin vitrosupplementation with alpha-tocopherol and selenium on bovine neutrophil functions: implications for resistance to mastitis.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.51(1–2):67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, L., Flock, J.1., Hook, M., Linberg, M., Muller, H.P., and Wadstrom, T. 1991. Adhesins in staphylococcal mastitis as vaccine components, in:New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastitis(C. Burvenich, G. Vandeputte-Van Messon, and A.W. Hill, eds.), Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium, pp. 111–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neville, M.C. and Jensen, R.G. 1995. The physical properties of human and bovine milks, in:Handbook of Milk Composition(R.G. Jensen, ed.), Academic Press, California, pp. 81–85.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, J. 1995. How breastmilk protects newborns.Sci. Amer.273(6):58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, S.C. 1985. Immune mechanisms of the bovine udder: An overview.JAVMA187:41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, S.C. 1991. Effects of cytokines on bovine mammary gland immunity.SAAS Bulletin Biochem. and Biotech.4:60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, S.C., Owens, W.E., and Watts, J.L. 1989. Effects of recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor on Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in lactating dairy cows.J. Dairy Sci.72:3286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, S.C., Owens, W.E., Boddie, R.L., and Boddie, N.T. 1992. The effect of chronic immunostimulation of the of the nonlactating bovine mammary galnd with interleukin-2, pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccaide.J. Dairy Sci.75(12):3339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickerson, S.C., Owens, W.E., Rejman, J.J., and Oliver, S.P. 1993. Effects of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 on mammary gland leukocyte populations and histology during the early non lactating period.Zentralblatt Fur Veterinarmedizin-Reihe B.40:621.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orem, J.D. and Reiter, B. 1968. Inhibition of bacteria by lactoferrin and other iron chelating agents.Biochem. Biophys. Acta170:351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Outterridge, P.M. and Lee, C.S. 1988. The defence mechanisms of the mammary gland of domestic ruminants.Prog. Vet. Microbiol. Immun.4:165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkaragoz, E, Rudoloff, H.E., Rajaraman, S., Mushtaha, A.A., Schmalsteig, F.C., and Goldman,A.S. 1988. The motility of human milk macrophages in collagen gels.Paediatr. Res.23:449.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paape, M.J. and Capuco, A.V. 1996. Cellular defence mechanisms in the udder and lactation of goats.J. Anim. Sci.75:556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paape, M.J. and Weinland, B.T. 1988. Effect of abraded intramammary device on milk yield, tissue damage and cellular composition.J. Dairy Sci.71:250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paape, M.J. and Wergin, WP. 1977. The leukocyte as a defence mechanism.J Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.36:377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paape, M.J., Hafs, H.D., and Snyder, W.W. 1963. Variation of estimated numbers of milk somatic cells stained with Wrightís stain or pyronin-y-methyl green stain. J.Dairy Sci.46:1211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paape, M.J., Schultze, A.J., Guidry, A.J., Kortum, W.M., and Weinland, B.T. 1981. Effect of an intramammary polyethelene device on the concentration of leukocytes and immunoglobulins in milk and on the leukocyte response toE. coliendotoxin and challenge exposure with S. aureus.Am. J. Vet. Res.42:774.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, Y.H., Fox, L.K., Hamilton, M.J., and Davis, W.C. 1992. Bovine mononuclear leukocyte populationsin peripheral blood and mammary gland secretions.J. Dairy Sci.75:998.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peakman, M. and Vergoni, D. 1997.Basic and Clinical Immunology.New York, Churchill Livingstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, J.A., Patton, S., and Hamosh, M. 1998. Glycoproteins of the human milk fat glocbule in the protection of the breastfed infant against infections.Biol. Neonate74:143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pighetti, G.M. and Sordillo. 1995. Enhanced mammary immunity following primary immuni-sation with interferon-gamma.J Dairy Sci.78:528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice, A., Prentice, A.M., and Lamb, W.H. 1985. Mastitis in rural Gambian mothers and the protection of the breast by milk antimicrobial factors.Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.79:90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, C.G. and Hartmann, P.E. 1983. Comparison of mammary gland function during the ovulatory menstrual cycle and acute breast inflammation in women.Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 61(Pt3):277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quiroga, G.H., Nickerson, S.C., and Adkinson, R.W. 1993a. Histologic response of the heifer mammary gland to intramammary infusion of interluekin-2 or interferon-gamma.J Dairy Sci.76(10):2913.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quiroga, G.H., Sordillo, L.M., Adkinson, R.W., and Nickerson, S.C. 1993b. Cytological responses of Staphylococcus aureus infected mammary glands of heifers to interferon gamma and interluekin-2 treatment.Am. J. Vet. Res.54(11):1894.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rainard, P. 1986. Bacteriostatic activity of bovine milk lactoferrin against mastitic bacteria.Vet.Microbiol. 11:387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richie, E.R., Bass, R., Meistrich, M.L., and Demmison, D.K. 1982. Distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in human colostrum.J. Immunol.129:1116.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riordin, J.M. and Nichols, F.H. 1990. A descriptive study of lactation mastitis in long term breastfeeding women.J. Hum. Lact.6(2):53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, M.W., Brooker, B.E., and Reiter, B. 1977. Electron microscopic observations of the interactions of casein micelles and milk fat globules with bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte’s during the phagocytosis of staphylococci in milkJ. Comp. Path.87:43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, D.P., Greenwood, P.L., and Nichols, P.J. 1993. Effect of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection on milk cell count and n-Acetyl-B-glucosaminidase activity in bovine neutrophils.Am. J. Vet. Res.52:1201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandholm, M., Ali-Vehmas, T., Nyholm, K., Honkanen-Buzalski, T., and Louhi, M. 1991. Failure mechanisms in lactational therapy of staphylococcal mastitis, in:New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastitis(C. Burvenich, G. Vandeputte-Van Messon, and A.W. Hill, eds.), Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium, pp. 171–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schalm, O.W., Lasmanis, J., and Jain, N.C. 1976. Conversion of chronic staphylococcal mastitis to acute gangrenous mastitis after neutropenia in blood and bone marrow produced by equine anti-bovine leukocyte serum.Am. J. Vet. Res.37:885.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schalm, O.W., Lasmanis, J., and Carroll, E.J. 1964. Effects of pre existing leukocytosis on experimental coliform(Aeobacter aerogenes)mastitis in cattle.Am. J. Vet. Res.27:1537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semba, R.D., Kumwenda, N., Taha, T.E., Hoover, D.R., Lan, Y., Eisinger, W., Mtimavalye, L., Broadhead, R., Miotti, P.G., van der Hoeven, L., and Chiphangwi, J.D. 1999. Mastitis and immunological factors in breastmilk of lactating women in Malawi.Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol.6(5):67l.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer-Weaver, K.A., and Sordillo, L.M. 1997. Bovine CD8+ suppressor lymphocytes alter immune responsiveness during the post partum period.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.56(1–2):53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer-Weaver, K.A., Pighetti, G.M., and Sordillo, L.M. 1996. Diminished mammary gland lymphocyte functions parallel shifts in trafficking patterns during the post partum period.Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.212(3):271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldrake, R.F., McGregor, G.D., and Hoare, R.J.T. 1983. Somatic cell count, electrical conductivity and serum albumin concentration for detecting bovine mastitis.J. Dairy Sci.66:548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shuster, D.E., Lee, E.K., and Kehrli, M.E., Jr. 1996. Bacterial growth, inflammatory cytokine production, and neutrophil recruitment during coliform mastitis in cows ten days after calving compared with cows midlactation.Am. J. Vet. Res.57(11):1569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sim, T.C. and Goldman, A.S. 1991. Defects in neutrophils.Allergy Proc.91:131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K.L., Harrison, J.H., Hancock, D.D., Todhunter, D.A., and Conrad, H.R. 1984. Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on incidence of clinical mastitis and duration of clinical symptoms.J. Dairy Sci.67:1293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sordillo, L.M. and Babiuk, L.A. 1991. Modulation of mammary neutrophil function during the periparturient period followingin vitroexposure to recombinant bovine interferon gamma.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.27:393.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sordillo, L.M., Campos, M., and Babiuk, L.A. 1991. Anti-bacterial activity of the bovine mammary gland lymphocytes following treatment with interleukin-2.J Dairy Sci.74:3370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sordillo, L.M., Shafer-Weaver, K., and DeRosa, D. 1997. Symposium: bovine immunology. Immunobiology of the mammary gland. J.Dairy Sci.80:1851.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spik, G., Cheron, A., Montreuil, J., and Dolby, J.M. 1978. Bacteriostasis of a milk sensitive strain of Escherichia coli by immunoglobulins and iron binding proteins in association.Immunology35:663.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stelwagen, K., Farr, V.C., McFadden, H.A., Prosser, C.G., and Davis, S.R. 1997. Time course of milk accumulation-induced opening of mammary tight junctions, and blood clearance of milk components.Am. J. Physiol.273(Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol.42):R379.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svanborg, C., Aniansson, G., Mestecky, J., Sabharwal, H., and Wald, A. 1991. Antiadhesive molecules in milk.Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.310:167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Targowski, S.P. 1983. Role of immune factors in protection of the mammary gland.J. Dairy Sci.66(8):1781.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Targowski, S.P. and Niemialtowski, M. 1996. Inhibition of lacteal leukocyte phagocytosis by colostrum, non lactating secretion and mastitis milk.Am. J. Vet. Res.47:1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatarczuch, L., Philip, C., and Lee, C.S. 1997. Involution of the sheep mammary gland.J. Anatomy190:405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B.C., Dellinger, J.D., Cullor, J.S., and Stott, J.L. 1994. Bovine milk lymphocytes display the phenotype of memory T cells and are predominately CD8’.Cell Immunol.156:245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B.C., Keefe, R.G., Dellinger, J.D., Nakamura, Y, Cullor, J.S., and Stott, J.L. 1997. T cell populations and cytokine expression in milk derived from normal and bacteria-infected bovine mammary glands.Cell Immunol.182(1):68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A.C., Hansen, K.B., and Moller, B.R. 1983. Leukocyte counts and microbiological cultivation in the diagnosis of puerperal mastitis.Am. J. Obs. Gynae.146(8):938.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A.C., Esperson, T., and Maigarrd, S. 1984. Course and treatment of milk stasis, non infectious inflammation of the breast, and infectious mastitis in nursing women.Am. J. Obs. Gynae.149(5):492.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjoelker, L.W., Chew, B.P., Tanaka, T.S., and Daniel, L.R. 1986. Effects of vitamin A and 13- carotene on phagocytosis and killing by bovine mammary neutrophilsin vitro. J. Dairy Sci.69(Supplement):386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torre, P.M., Konur, P.K., and Oliver, S.P. 1992. Proliferative response of mammary gland mononuclear cells to recombinant bovine interluekin-2.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.32:351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M. 1991. Acute phase response and non cellular defence mechanisms, in:New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastitis(C. Burvenich, G. Vandeputte-Van Messon, and A.W. Hill, eds.), Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium, pp. 69–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vercellotti, G.M., McCarthy, J.B., Lindholm, P., Peterson, P.K., Jacob, H.S., and Furcht, L. 1985. Extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen) bind and aggregate bacteria.Am. J Pathol.120:13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, A., Hutchison, B.L., and Mitchell, E.A. 1999. Mastitis in the first year post partum.Birth26(4):218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadstrom, T. 1987. Molecular aspects on pathogenesis of wound and foreign body infections due to staphylococci.Zbl. Bact. Hyg.A. 226:191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waller, K.P. 1997. Modulation of endotoxin-induced inflammation in the bovine teat using antagonists/inhibitors to leukotrienes, platelet activating factor and interluekin-1 beta.Vet. Immunol. Immunopath.57:239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, E.D. 1989. Specific antibody in milk whey and phagocytosis of Actinomyces pyogenes by neutrophilsin vivo. Res. Vet. Sci.47:253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, WP., Hogan, J.S., Todhunter, D.A., and Smith, K.L. 1997. Effect of vitamin E supplementation in diets with a low concentration of selenium on mammary gland health of dairy cows.J. Dairy Sci.80:1728

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wirt, D., Adkins, L.T., Palkowetz, K.H., Schmalsteig, F.C., and Goldman, A.S. 1992. Activated memory T cells in human milk.Cytometry13:282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xanthou, M. 1997. Human milk cells.Acta Paediatr.86:1288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xanthou, M. 1998. Immune Protection of Human Milk.Biology of the Neonate74:121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, S.S. and Escobar, E.N. 1995. Factors affecting somatic cell count of goat milk: Breed and farm, in:Proc. Of the National Mastitis Council Inc.Orlando, VA, p. 168.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fetherston, C.M., Lee, C.S., Hartmann, P.E. (2001). Mammary Gland Defense: The Role of Colostrum, Milk and Involution Secretion. In: Woodward, B., Draper, H.H. (eds) Advances in Nutritional Research. Advances in Nutritional Research, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0661-4_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0661-4_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5182-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0661-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics