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Maternal Modulation of Specific and Non-Specific Immune Components of Colostrum and Mature Milk

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Advances in Nutritional Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Nutritional Research ((ANUR,volume 10))

Abstract

The neonates of most mammalian species cannot survive on an adult diet or exposure to an array of adult pathogens. Lactation provides a transitional period for the immature newborn to adapt to the adult environment. However, there is immense variation in the metabolic maturity of mammals at birth, as well as in the rate of postnatal growth and development during the lactation period. As a result, large differences in milk composition have evolved among mammals (Oftedal and Iverson, 1995). Furthermore, large progressive changes in milk composition occur during lactation to meet the changing metabolic needs of the young (Nicholaset al.1997). For example, the Tammar Wallaby has a relatively short gestation period, during which Phase 1 of mammary development occurs. The animal weighs only 400 mg at birth and remains permanently attached to the teat for the next 130 days, while growing to 100 g (Phase 2A). The pouch young (PY) then detaches from the teat and sucks intermittently to reach a weight of 400500 g by 200 days of age (Phase 2B). The PY then leaves the pouch intermittently until 260 days when it exits the pouch permanently, finally weaning at 300 days, at a weight of 1.6-2.5 kg (Phase 3). The increase in body weight of the young from about 0.5 g to 2000 g during lactation is associated with major changes in milk composition that define phases 2A, 2B and 3 of lactation. Both mammary gland size and milk production increase commensurate with the rate of growth of the young.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6907, Australia

    Peter E. Hartmann, Mark D. Cregan & Leon R. Mitoulas

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  1. Peter E. Hartmann
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  2. Mark D. Cregan
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  1. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Bill Woodward  & Harold H. Draper  & 

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Hartmann, P.E., Cregan, M.D., Mitoulas, L.R. (2001). Maternal Modulation of Specific and Non-Specific Immune Components of Colostrum and Mature Milk. In: Woodward, B., Draper, H.H. (eds) Advances in Nutritional Research. Advances in Nutritional Research, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0661-4_18

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