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Mullerian Inhibiting Substance: An Update

  • Chapter
Pediatric Gender Assignment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 511))

Abstract

Among the many problems to be addressed when considering gender assignment, or re-assignment in some cases, is determining gonadal status. Anatomical sexual ambiguity can arise from abnormal fetal reproductive tract development secondary to a failure of gonadal organogenesis. A major determinant in establishing phenotypic sex is the expression of genetic sex early in fetal life, thereby leading to the differentiation of indifferent gonads into testes or ovaries. Subsequently, and depending upon the type of gonad that develops, male or female internal and external genitalia grow and differentiate form the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, respectively. Following the expression of the testis determining factor gene locus, SRY on the Y chromosome (Goodfellow and Lovell-Badge, 1993) the newly formed testes secrete Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, MIS, also known as anti-Mullerian Hormone, AMH, from the Sertoli cells and the Leydig cells produce testosterone. MIS interacts with its cell surface receptors to cause the regression of the female reproductive tract precursor, the Mullerian duct, and testosterone stimulates the growth of the androgen-dependent male reproductive tract including the external genitalia. In the absence the Y chromosome, ovaries will develop and the malegenital tract atrophies due to the lack of testosterone. The female tract completes differentiation into the uterus, Fallopian tubes, cervix and upper third of the vaginain uteroautonomously without sex-hormonal stimulation (for a recent review see MacLaughlin et. al. 2001). Loss of function mutations of either the MIS gene or its cell surface receptor gene leads to the persistence of Mullerian structures in males (for a review, see Belville et. al 1999).

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  1. Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    David T. MacLaughlin & Patricia K. Donahoe

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  1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stephen A. Zderic , Douglas A. Canning , Michael C. Carr  & Howard McC. Snyder III. , ,  & 

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MacLaughlin, D.T., Donahoe, P.K. (2002). Mullerian Inhibiting Substance: An Update. In: Zderic, S.A., Canning, D.A., Carr, M.C., Snyder, H.M. (eds) Pediatric Gender Assignment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 511. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0621-8_3

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