Abstract
Erosion is as ancient as our planet itself (or even older) and its role in shaping the earth’s surface and human history and development cannot be over-emphasized. In most inhabited regions of the world, erosion due to human activities is a significant issue affecting water quality, reservoir capacity, biodiversity, and agricultural sustainability. The scientific knowledge of factors that cause erosion is incomplete. Current models for predicting of the future impact of land surface activities on erosion are inadequate. There is a pressing need to develop erosion models that preserve spatial relations between watershed characteristics, rainfall, and factors that affect erosion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alonso, CV, 1996, Hydrologic research on the USDA Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed, northern Mississippi: Proc. 16th Ann. Am. Geophys. Union Hydrology Days Conf., Fort Collins, Colorado: 25–36.
Bingner, RL, 1996, Runoff simulated from Goodwin Creek watershed using SWAT: Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 39: 85–90.
Bui, EN, and Box, JE Jr, 1992, Stemflow, rain throughfall, and erosion under canopies of corn and sorghum: J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 56: 242–247.
Blackmarr, WA, 1995, documentation of hydrologic, geomorphic, and sediment transport measurements on the goodwin creek experimental watershed, northern Mississippi, for the period 1982-1993; Preliminary release: Agric. Res. Serv., USDA: 141 pp.
Cunge, JA, Holly, FM, and Verwey, A, 1980, Practical Aspects of Computational River Hydraulics, Iowa Inst. Hydraul. Res., Univ. Iowa: 420 p.
Downer, CW, Ogden, FL, Martin, W, and Harmon, RS, 2001, The use of Hortonian, physics based hydrologic models in the US Army: Theory, development, and implementation of the Hortonian model CASC2D: in Hydrological Processes (K Beven, ed.), in press.
Duan, G, 2001, Simulation of streambank erosion processes with a two-dimensional numerical model: in Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling (RS Harmon and WW Doe IV, eds.), Kluwer, New York.
Duan, Q, Sorooshian, S, and Gupta, V, 1992, Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models: Water Resour. Res., 28: 1015–1031.
Ekern, PC, 1950, Raindrop impact as the force initiating soil erosion: Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 15: 7–10.
Elwell, HA, 1981, A soil loss estimation technique for Southern Africa: in Soil Conservation Problems and Prospects (RPC Morgan, ed.), Wiley, Chichester, UK: 281–292.
Ellison, WD, 1945, Some effects of raindrops and surface-flow on soil erosion and filtration. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union. 26: 415–429.
Favis-Mortlock, D, Quinton, JN, and Dickinson, WT, 1996, The GCTE validation of soil erosion models for global change studies: J. Soil Water Cons., 51: 397–402.
Foster, GR, 1982, Modeling the erosion process: in Hydrologic Modeling Small Watersheds, (CT Han, HP Johnson, and DL Brakensiek, eds.), Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, Missouri: 295–382.
Gaffin, DM, and Lowery, JC, 1996, Rainfall climatology of the NWSFO Memphis County warning area: National Weather Service, Fort Worth, TX. Southern Region. Rept. NOAA-TM-NWS-SR-175.
Gatto, LW, 2000, Soil freeze-thaw-induced changes to a simulated rill: Potential impacts on soil erosion: Geomorph., 32: 147–160.
Graf, W, 1979, The development of montane arroyos and gullies: Earth Surf. Proc, 4: 1–14.
Green, WH, and Ampt, GA, 1911, Studies of soil physics: 1. Flow of air and water through soils: J. Agric. Sci., 4: 1–24.
Gupta, HV, Sorooshian, S, and Yapo, PO, 1998, Toward improved calibration of hydrologic models: Multiple and noncommensurable measures of information: Water Resour. Res., 34:751–763.
Hartley, DM, 1990, Boundary shear stress induced by raindrop impact: PhD Thesis, Colorado State Univ.
Hasholt, B, 1998, Assessment of erosion and some implications for model validation: in Modelling Soil Erosion, Sediment Transport and Closely Related Hydrological Processes: (W Summer, E Klaghofer and W. Zhang, eds.), Int. Assoc. of Hydro. Sci.: 249–260.
Hydrologic Engineering Center, (1985) HEC-1 Flood Hydrograph Package, Users Manual: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, California.
Heilig, A, Debruyn, D, Walter, MT, Rose, CW, Parlange, JY, Sander, GC, Hairsine, PB, Hogarth, WL, Walker, LP, and Steenhuis, TS, 2001, Testing of a mechanical soil erosion model with a simple experiment, J. Hydrol., 244: 9–16.
Heilig, A, Ogden, FL, and Dario, J, 2001, Watershed-scale calibration and verification of the erosion component of CASC2D: (abs) Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, Spring Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts 2001.
Heilig, A, and Ogden, F, 2001, Spatial calibration of erosion model using CASC2D on a 21km2 watershed: unpub. manuscript.
Huang, CH, and Bradford, JM, 1990, Depressional storage for Markov-Gaussian surfaces: Water Resour. Res., 26: 2235–2242.
Imeson, AC, and Kwaad, FJPM, 1990, The response of tilled soils to wetting by rainfall and the dynamic character of soil erodibility. in Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land (J Boardman, IDL Foster, and JA Dearing, eds.), John Wiley, Chichester, UK.
Johnson, BE, 1997, Development of a Storm Event Based Two-Dimensional Upland Erosion Model: PhD Thesis, Colorado State Univ.
Johnson, BE, Julien, PY, Molnar, DK, and Watson, CC, 2000, The two-dimensional upland erosion model CASC2D-SED: J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc, 36: 31–42.
Julien, PY, and Simons, DB, 1985, Sediment transport capacity of overland flow: Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 28: 755–762.
Julien, PY, 1995, Erosion and Sedimentation, Univ. Cambridge Press, Cambridge, UK: 280p.
Julien, PY, Saghafian, B, and Ogden, FL, 1995, Raster-based hydrologic modeling of spatially-varied surface runoff: Water Resour. Bull., Am. Water Resour. Assoc, 31: 523–536.
Kilinc, M, and Richardson, EV, 1973, Mechanics of soil erosion from overland flow generated by simulated rainfall: Hydrology Paper No. 63, Colorado State Univ.
Kinnell, PIA, 1990, Modelling erosion by rain-impacted flow: in Soil Erosion — Experiments and Models, (RB Bryan, ed.), Catena Supp., 17: 55–66.
Klemes, V, 1986, Operational testing of hydrological simulation models: Hydrol. Sci.. 31: 13–24.
Knisel, WG (ed.), 1980, CREAMS — A field scale model for chemicals, runoff and erosion from agricultural management systems: USDA Res. Rept. No. 26: 643p.
Laflen, JM, Foster, GR, and Onstadt, CA, 1985, Simulation of individual-storm soil loss for modeling impact of erosion on crop productivity: in Soil Erosion and Conservation, Proc. Int. Conf. on Soil Erosion and Conservation, Soil Cons. Soc. Am., Ankeny, Iowa.
Landel, G, Smith, JA, Baeck, ML, Steiner, M and Ogden, FL, 1999, Radar studies of heavy convective rainfall in mountainous terrain: J. Geophys. Res,. D104: 31,451–465.
Le Bissonnais, Y, 1996, Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology: Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47: 425–437.
Leonard, RA, Knisel, WG, and Still, DA, 1987, GLEAMS: Groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems: Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 30:1403–1418.
Luk, SH, Dubbin, MWE, and Mermut, AR, 1990, Fabric analysis of surface crusts developed under simulated rainfall on loess soils, China: in Soil Erosion — Experiments and Models (RB Bryan, ed.), Catena Supp. 17: 29–40.
Mayer, LD, 1971, Soil erosion by water in upland areas: in River Mechanics (HW Shen, ed.), Water Resour. Pub., Littleton, Colorado.
McCool, DK, 1985, Crop residue effects on erosion from dry-fanned cropland in the Pacific northwest: Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., Paper No. 85-2046.
Montgomery, DR, and Dietrich, WF, 1988, Landscape dissection and drainage area-slope thresholds: in Process Models and Theoretical Geomorphology (MJ Kirky, ed.), John Wiley, Chichester, UK: 221–246.
Morgan, RPC, Quinton, JNM , and Rickson, RJ, 1992, EUROSEM Documentation Manual: Silsoe College, Silsoe, Bedford, UK.
Morgan, RPC, 1995, Soil Erosion and Conservation: John Wiley, New York.
Moss, AJ, Walker, PH, and Hutka, J, 1979, Raindrop-stimulated transportation in shallow water flows; an experimental study: Sed. Geol., 22: 165–184.
Mutchler, CK, 1967, Parameters for describing raindrop splash: J. Soil Water Cons., 22: 91–94.
Nash, JE, and Suttcliffe, JV, 1970, River flow forecasting through conceptual models, Part I A discussion of principles: J. Hyd., 10: 282–290.
Nearing, MA, Foster, GR, Lane, LJ, and Finckner, SC, 1989, A process-based soil erosion model for USDA — Water Erosion Prediction Project technology: trans. Am. Soc. Agrc. Eng.,32: 1587–1593.
NOAA, 2001, U.S. Surface Radiation Budget Network, SURFRAD http://titan.srrb.noaa.gov/pub/data/surfrad/Goodwin Creek MS/.
NRCS, 2001a, USDA NRCS Water and Climate Center, Soil Climatology and Analysis Network (SCAN) data. http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/scan.
NRCS, 2001b, USDA NRSC, Mississippi State Office, Jackson, Mississippi, http://www.ms.nrcs.usda.gov/.
Ogden, FL, 1994, de-St Venant channel routing in distributed hydrologic modeling: Proc. 1994 ASCE Hydraul. Eng. Div. Spec. Conf (GV Cotroneo and RR Rumer, eds.), 1: 492–496.
Ogden, FL, 1998, CASC2D Version 1.18 reference manual: Dept. Civil Env. Engrg., U-2037, Univ. Connecticut: 108p.
Ogden, FL, and Julien, PY, 1993, Runoff sensitivity to temporal and spatial rainfall variability at runoff plane and small basin scales: Water Resour. Res., 29: 2589–2597.
Ogden, FL, and Julien, PY, 1994, Runoff model sensitivity to radar rainfall resolution: J. Hyd., 158: 1–18.
Ogden, FL, and Saghafian, B, 1995, Distributed hydrologic modeling within the GRASS GIS: r.hydro.CASC2D: Proc. 1995 ASCE Hydraul. Eng. Div. Spec. Conf., (WH Espy and PG Combs, eds.), 1: 892–896.
Ogden, FL, and Saghafian, B, 1997, Green and Ampt infiltration with redistribution: J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 123:386–393.
Ogden, FL, Sharif, HO, Senarath, SUS, Smith, JA, Baeck, ML, and Richardson, JR, 2000, Hydrologic analysis of the Fort Collins, Colorado, flash flood of 1997: J. Hydrol., 228: 82–100.
Posen, JWA, 1992, Mechanisms of overland-flow generation and sediment production on loamy and sandy soil with and without rock fragments: in Overland Flow Hydraulics and Erosion Mechanics (AJ Parsons and AD Abrahams, eds.), Univ. College London Press, London: 275–305.
Prosser, IP, and Dietrich, WE , 1995, Field experiments on erosion by overland flow and their implication for digital terrain models of channel initiation: Water Resour. Res., 31: 2867–2876.
Rauws, G, and Govers, G, 1988, Hydraulic and soil mechanical aspects of rill generation on agricultural soils: J. Soil Sci., 39: 111–124.
Reid, KD, Wilcox, BP, Breshears, DD, and MacDonald, L, 1999, Runoff and erosion in a pinon-juniper woodland: Influence of vegetation patches: J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 63: 1869–1879.
Renard, KG, Foster, GR, Weesies, GA, and Porter, JP, 1991, RUSLE — Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation: J. Soil Water Cons., 46: 30–33.
Richardson, EV, Simons, DB, and Julien, PY, 1988, Highways in the river environment: Rept. for USDOT Federal Highway Admin., Washington, D.C.
RUSLE, 2001, USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi, http://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/Rusle/index.html.
Saghafian, B, 1993, Implementation of a distributed hydrologic model within Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS): Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Integrating Environmental Models and GIS, Breckenridge, Colorado.
Senarath, SUS, Ogden, FL, Downer, CW, Sharif, HO, 2000, On the calibration and verification of two-dimensional, distributed, Hortonian, continuous watershed models: Water Resour. Res., 36: 1495–1509.
Simon, A, Curini, A, Darby, SE, and Langendoen, E, 1999, Streambank mechanics and the role of bank and near-bank processes in incised channels: in Incised River Channels: Processes, Forms, Engineering and Management (SE Darby and A Simon, eds.), John Wiley, Chichester, UK: 123–152.
Sharif, H, Ogden, FL, Krajewski, W, Anagnostou, E, and Xue, M, 2000, Numerical studies of radar-rainfall error propagation: (abs) Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, Spring Meeting 2000.
Shaw, RB, and Doe, WW III, 1999, Landscape evolution and soil erosion modeling: Applications for environments of military interest: Unpub. Workshop Rept. for USDOD, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.
Steiner, M, Smith, JA, Burges, SJ, Alonso, CV, and Darden, RW, 1999, Effect of bias adjustment and rain gage data quality control on radar rainfall estimation: Water Resour. Res., 35: C2487–2503.
Smith, RE, Goodrich, DR, Woolhiser, DA and Melone, F, 1994, Comment on “Physically based hydrologic modeling, 2, Is the concept realistic?:” by RB Grayson et al., Water Resour. Res., 30: 851–854.
USDA, 2001, Agric. Res. Serv. National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi, http://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/.
US Weather Bureau, 1961, Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States: WB-TP-40, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Wicks, JM, and Bathurst, JC, 1996, SHESED: a physically based, distributed erosion and sediment yield component for the SHE hydrological modelling system: J. Hydrol., 175: 213–238.
Williams, JR, 1985, The physical components of the EPIC model: in Soil Erosion and Conservation: (SA El-Swaify, WC Moldenhaur, and A Lo, eds.), Soil Cons. Soc. Am., Ankeny, Iowa: 272–284.
Wischmeier, WH, Johnson, CB, and Cross, BV, 1971, A soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites: J. Soil Water Cons., 26: 189–193.
Wischmeier, WH, and Smith, DD, 1978, Predicting rainfall erosion losses: USDA Agric. Res. Serv. Hdbk. No. 537: 58 p.
Wischmeier, WH, Johnson, CB, and Cross, BV, 1971, A Soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites: J. Soil Water Cons., 26: 189–193.
Woolhiser, DA, 1996, Search for the physically based runoff model — A hydrologic El Dorado?: J. Hydraul. Eng., 122: 122–129.
Yang, CT, 1973, Incipient Motion and Sediment Transport: J. Hyd. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., HY10: 1679–1704.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ogden, F., Heilig, A. (2001). Two-Dimensional Watershed-Scale Erosion Modeling With CASC2D . In: Harmon, R.S., Doe, W.W. (eds) Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0575-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0575-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5139-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0575-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive