Abstract
It is generally agreed that breastfeeding reduces the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in infants,1 including those caused by respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and enteroviruses.2 Protection against viral infection is provided by a multiplicity of protective factors including secretory antibodies, lipids, lactoferrin, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and oligosaccharides.3, 4 Despite the presence of antiviral compounds in human milk, some viruses are transmitted from mother to infant via milk. Reports in the literature suggest that most milk-transmitted viruses are enveloped (Table 1).
Table 1. Some Enveloped Viruses Transmitted Through Milka | Virus Typeb |
---|---|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV) 5 | R |
Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-l) 6 | R |
Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus Type 2 (HTLV-2) 7 | R |
Murine Leukemia Virus8 | R |
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus9 | R |
Maedi/Visna Virus 10 | R |
Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus 11 | R |
Mouse Mammary Tumor ViruS 12 | R |
Rubella Virus 2 | R |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 2, 13, 14 | R |
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Isaacs, C.E. (2002). Specific and Nonspecific Protective Factors in Milk: Why Don’t They Prevent Viral Transmission During Breastfeeding?. In: Davis, M.K., Isaacs, C.E., Hanson, L.Å., Wright, A.L. (eds) Integrating Population Outcomes, Biological Mechanisms and Research Methods in the Study of Human Milk and Lactation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 503. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0559-4_20
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