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Hypertension and Diabetes Situation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: With Special Reference to Iran

  • Chapter
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health

Part of the book series: Progress in Experimental Cardiology ((PREC,volume 9))

Summary

The incidence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to be increasing in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) region. To initiate efforts to establish national or regional programs for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in EM countries, policy makers need more epidemiological data on HTN and DM. This study was undertaken to assess the current extent of HTN and DM prevalence and to identify the degree of awareness, treatment and control of HTN and DM.

These data were collected from most studies conducted since 1970 on the prevalence, awareness, treatment or control rates of HTN or DM in Iran and other EM countries. We searched for papers published in medical journals by using the MEDLINE database since 1970. The prevalence of HTN ranges between 7.7% and 31% in different cities in Iran and has been reported up to 33.6% in some urban areas in the EM region. The frequency of awareness of HTN ranges from 62% in Iran down to 23.5% in Saudi Arabia. On the contrary the treatment and control of HTN was better in Saudi Arabia of 76% and 20%, respectively compared to Egypt at 24% and 8%, respectively

While it is estimated that 2 million Iranians have diabetes now, the prevalence of DM in different populations in the EM region varied between 0.1% in Sudan to as high as 25.5% in Bahrain.

While most of the surveys in the EM region showed that over 50% of diabetics are undiagnosed, high rates of DM awareness from Iran (70%) and Egypt (50%) were reported. The wide range obtained from these studies may be explained by the lack of standardization of the blood pressure or plasma glucose measurements, varied definitions, different age groups or sample size of the studied population and finally different dates of the studies. In summary, our analysis indicates that although there are many reports from EM countries and Iran concerning the epidemiological views of HTN and DM, it is obvious that still there is more need to conduct a national or regional surveys using highly standardized methodology in the EM region.

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  1. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81465-1148, Isfahan, Iran

    Nizal Sarraf-Zadegan & Firoozeh Sajady

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  1. Nizal Sarraf-Zadegan
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Correspondence to Nizal Sarraf-Zadegan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla PhD, MD (Hon), DSc (Hon) (Distinguished Professor and Director), H. Ivan Berkowitz MBA (Consultant) & Pawan K. Singal PhD, DSc (Professor) (Distinguished Professor and Director),  (Consultant) &  (Professor)

  2. Institute of Circulatory & Respiratory Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Vancouver, Canada

    Arun Chockalingam PhD (Assistant Director) (Assistant Director)

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Sarraf-Zadegan, N., Sajady, F. (2003). Hypertension and Diabetes Situation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: With Special Reference to Iran. In: Dhalla, N.S., Chockalingam, A., Berkowitz, H.I., Singal, P.K. (eds) Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health. Progress in Experimental Cardiology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0455-9_33

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