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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health pp 243–260Cite as

Nutrition and the Brain-Heart Connection

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Part of the book series: Progress in Experimental Cardiology ((PREC,volume 9))

Summary

The various mechanisms that may explain the association between brain-heart connection and nutrition, leading to abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) resulting into increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are reviewed. Medline search til December, 2001 and articles published in various national and international journals were reviewed. Experts working in the field were also consulted. There is compelling evidence that saturated and total fat and sedentary behaviour can enhance sympathetic activity and increase the secretion of catecholamine and serotonin, whereas omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of acetylecholine in the hippocampus. While increased sympathetic activity has adverse effects on HRV and BPV, increased parasympathetic activity has beneficial effects and can directly inhibit sympathetic tone. A large body of evidence is available demonstrating that abnormal HRV measured over a 24 hour period, or for 7 days, provides information on the risk of subsequent death in subjects with and without heart disease. There is a need to study 7-day record by Holter cardiac monitoring to further elucidate the role of HRV in the pathogenesis of CVD. Meditation, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, n-3 fatty acids, trimetazidine and oestrogen may have a beneficial influence on HRV. However, no definite and specific therapy is currently available to improve the prognosis for patients with abnormal HRV and blood pressure variability (BPV). Low HRV has been most commonly associated with a risk of arrhythmias and arrhythmic death, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. There is a need to develop a consensus on the measure of HRV for clinical purposes and whether 7-day record is necessary and practical. New analysis methods based on nonlinear dynamics may be more useful in risk stratification. More precise insight into the patho-physiological link between HRV and nutrition may be applied to clinical practice and used to direct therapy for prevention of disease risk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, Subharti Medical College, Civil Lines 10 Meerut(UP), Moradabad, 244001, India

    Dr. Ram B. Singh, Kumar Kartikey, Udai P. Singh & Shanti S. Rastogi

  2. Cardiovascular Centre, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmood Moshiri

  3. Government Medical College, Amritsar, India

    Narankar S. Neki & Adarsh Kumar

  4. Safaric University, Kosice, Slovakia

    Daniel Pella

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla PhD, MD (Hon), DSc (Hon) (Distinguished Professor and Director), H. Ivan Berkowitz MBA (Consultant) & Pawan K. Singal PhD, DSc (Professor) (Distinguished Professor and Director),  (Consultant) &  (Professor)

  2. Institute of Circulatory & Respiratory Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Vancouver, Canada

    Arun Chockalingam PhD (Assistant Director) (Assistant Director)

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Singh, R.B. et al. (2003). Nutrition and the Brain-Heart Connection. In: Dhalla, N.S., Chockalingam, A., Berkowitz, H.I., Singal, P.K. (eds) Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health. Progress in Experimental Cardiology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0455-9_18

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