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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health pp 3–18Cite as

Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

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Part of the book series: Progress in Experimental Cardiology ((PREC,volume 9))

Summary

The role of inflammation in initiating and sustaining various cardiovascular problems, including the conversion from stable to unstable coronary heart disease syndromes, vascular aneurysms, and congestive heart failure is reviewed. Various interventions that reduce inflammation in the coronary arteries and hearts in humans, including marked lipid lowering, weight loss, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors agonists (PPAR), aspirin, and monoclonal antibodies to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular vascular adhesion molecule (ICAM) are identified. Whereas estrogens may promote increases in vascular markers suggesting the presence of inflammation, recent evidence suggests that combined estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women may reduce the vascular markers of inflammation. However, the combination of estrogens and progesterone may actually increase the risk of vascular events in menopausal women with cardiovascular disease. Additional work is needed to identify the best ways to prevent and/or modulate vascular and myocardial inflammation with the expectation that from these interventions will come the ability to treat more effectively and perhaps retard the development of atherosclerosis, heart failure and vascular aneurysms.

Inflammation plays a major role in initiating and sustaining cardiovascular problems, including the conversion from stable to unstable coronary heart disease syndromes, the development of vascular aneurysms, and congestive heart failure (1–5). The presence of inflammation also serves as an important predictor of future adverse events following interventional procedures in coronary arteries (6). However, inflammation may also serve to identify the presence of unstable or vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques potentially allowing their treatment prior to their fissuring or ulceration and otherwise causing unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction (7,8). In this chapter, potential mechanisms responsible for vascular and myocardial inflammation, consequences of such inflammation, systemic markers identifying the presence of inflammation, and potential treatments of cardiovascular inflammation are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    James T. Willerson M.D.

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla PhD, MD (Hon), DSc (Hon) (Distinguished Professor and Director), H. Ivan Berkowitz MBA (Consultant) & Pawan K. Singal PhD, DSc (Professor) (Distinguished Professor and Director),  (Consultant) &  (Professor)

  2. Institute of Circulatory & Respiratory Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Vancouver, Canada

    Arun Chockalingam PhD (Assistant Director) (Assistant Director)

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Willerson, J.T. (2003). Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Dhalla, N.S., Chockalingam, A., Berkowitz, H.I., Singal, P.K. (eds) Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health. Progress in Experimental Cardiology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0455-9_1

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