Abstract
Water availability has multiple ethical dimensions and the management of real water and virtual water (water converted into food and electricity) are both relevant when addressing the issue of water management for poverty alleviation. The two need to be considered as a whole with the importation of food replacing growing of it and the saved water being used to inter alia improve sanitation to decrease mortality rates. However, to achieve this substitution and integration will require a sea change in the world market place and in the rules governing multi-lateral and bilateral trade. What is needed is an explicit process to ensure that in some places adequate food security in staples will be provided by trade and hence domestically water can be applied to other purposes. How to set up and empower and where to place such an ethical institution is the question this paper addresses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allan J. A. (1998). “Virtual Water: a strategic resource global solutions to regional deficits”, Groundwater 136, pp. 545–46.
Alston P. (1991). “Revitalizing United Nations work on human rights and development”, Melbourne University Law Review 18, pp. 216–228.
Arup C. (2000). The new World Trade Organisation-globalizing law through Services and Intellectual Property, Cambridge University Press.
Blackett A. (1999). “Whither Social Clause? Human Rights, Trade Theory and Treaty Interpretation”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 31, pp. 56–60.
Bouwer H. (2000). “Integrated water management: emerging issues and challenges”, Agricultural Water Management 45, pp. 217–228.
Brundtland report World Commission on Environment and Development-Brundtland Report: Our Common Future, (1987). Oxford University Press.
Capling A. (2001). Australia and the Global Trade System- from Havana to Seattle, Cambridge.
Carver J. (2000). Making Financial sanctions work: Preconditions for successful implementation of sanctions by the implementing state: Smart sanctions, http://www. smartsanctions. ch
Dellapenna J. (1999). “Adapting the law of water Management to global climate change and other hydro political stresses”, Water Resources Research, 35, pp. 1301–1326.
Department for International Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sweden (2000). “Transboundary Water Management as an International Public Good”, Development Financing Report.
Easter K. W., M. W. Rosengrant, and A. Dinar (1999). “Formal and Informal Markets for Water: Institutions, Performance, and Constraints”, The World Bank Research Observer 14, pp. 99–116.
Gleick P. H. (1996). “Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities”, Water International 21, pp. 83–92.
Global Governance (2000). “Legal Pluralism and the Decentred State: A Labor law Critique of Codes of Corporate Conduct”, Indiana Journal Global Legal Studies,8,pp. 401–430.
Global Water Partnership, (2001). Integrated Water Resources Management.
Haddad M. (1999). “Institution framework for regional cooperation in the development of water supply and demand in the Middle East”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35(4), pp. 729–738.
Handl G. (1997). “Compliance Control Mechanisms and International Environmental Obligations”, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5, pp. 29–49.
Jackson J. (1997). “The World Trading System”, 2 nd edition; Law and Policy of International Economic relations, MIT Press.
Martin L. (1999). “A Humanitarian Trade Bill”, The Journal of Commerce, on line <www.americanapparel.org/News_FTR_Opinion.html>
McKay J. (2001). “A proposal for an international Virtual Water Trading Council-Humanitarian Law in Action to relieve the rigours of World Trade and to Facilitate Improvements in Real Water Management in Countries in Transition”, Abstract Volume, the 11 th Stockholm Water Symposium, Building Bridges through Dialogue, pp. 321–323.
National Water Policy (2000). India New Delhi Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.
Perry C. J., M. Rock, and D. Seckler (1997). “Water as an economic good: A solution or a problem?” in Kay, M.; Franks, T. and Smith, L. (eds.), Water: Economics, Management and Demand, E & FN Spon, London, pp. 3–11.
Pryles M. J. and M. Davies (1996). International Trade Law, Law Book Company.
Santos Sousa de B. (1995). Toward a new common sense; Law, Science and Politics in the paradigmatic transition, Routledge, New York.
Shearer I. A. (1994). Starke’s International Law, Butterworths, London.
Sitarz D. (1993). AGENDA 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet, Earth Press, Colorado.
Steiner H. J., and P. Alston (1996). International Human Rights in Context Law Politics Morals, Oxford University Press.
Wouters P. (2000). “The Relevance and Role of Water Law in the Sustainable Development of Freshwater From “Hydrosovereignty” to “Hydrosolidarity”, Water International 25(2), pp. 202–207.
Wouters P. (2000). Director of Water Law and Policy Program, University of Dundee, Pers. Com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McKay, J. (2003). A Proposal for International Virtual Water Trading Council: Building Institutional Frameworks at International Level to Reduce Poverty. In: Olcay Ünver, İ.H., Gupta, R.K., Kibaroğlu, A. (eds) Water Development and Poverty Reduction. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0423-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0423-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5069-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0423-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive