Skip to main content

Bones of Comprehension

The Analysis of Small Mammal Predator—Prey Interactions

  • Chapter
Predator—Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 20))

  • 818 Accesses

Abstract

Prey species abundances in fossil mammal assemblages rarely mirror those in the original community from which they were drawn. This disharmony may result from a number of factors, one of which is the initial prey selection. As a result, the species present in a fossil assemblage may be more representative of the size and habits of the predator than of the ecology of the surrounding area. This is a particularly acute problem in the analysis of small mammal fossil deposits, especially when the overall goal of the analysis is to gain further insight into the environment at the time of deposition. It is therefore necessary to identify the mode of accumulation, and, where appropriate, the predator(s) responsible. By comparison with the present-day behavior of these predator species, it is possible to recognize and account for any bias in the species representation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, J. P., and Burger, B. J., 2001, Stratigraphy and taphonomy of Grizzly Buttes, Bridger Formation, and the middle Eocene of Wyoming, in: Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats (G. F. Gunnell, ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 165–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., 1983, Small mammal diversity at Olduvai Gorge, in: Animals and Archaeology Vol. 1 Hunters and their Prey (J. C. Brook and C. Grigson, eds.), British Archaeological Reports, International Series, Oxford, pp. 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., 1990, Owls, Caves and Fossils, Chicago University Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., and Evans, E. M. N., 1983, Small mammal bone accumulations produced by mammalian carnivores, Paleobiology 9:289–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrensmeyer, A. K., 1975, The taphonomy and paleoecology of Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate assemblages east of Lake Rudolf, Kenya, Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. 146:473–578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, L. R., and Clarke, R. J., 1995, Eagle involvement in accumulation of the Taung child fauna, J. Human Evol. 29(3):275–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brain, C. K., 1981, The Hunters or the Hunted, Chicago University Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. S., Kotler, B. P., Smith, R. J., and Wirtz, W. O., 1988, The effects of owl predation on the foraging behavior of heteromyid rodents, Oecologia 76:408–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckland, W., 1823, Reliquiae diluvianae; or observations of the organic remains contained in caves, fissures and diluvial gravel, and on other geological phenomenon, attesting to the action of an universal deluge, John Murray, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chitty, D., 1996, Do Lemmings Commit Suicide? Beautiful Hypotheses and Ugly Facts, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee, C. G., 1972, The identification of southern African small mammal remains in owl pellets, Cimbebasia A(2):53–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crandell, B. D., and Stahl, P. W., 1995, Human digestive effects on a micromammalian skeleton, J. Archaeol. Sci. 22:789–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dauphin, Y., Denys, C., and Kowalski, K., 1997, Analysis of accumulations of rodent remains: Role of chemical composition of skeletal elements, Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 203(3):295–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dauphin, Y., Kowalski, C,. and Denys, C., 1994, Assemblage data and bone and teeth modifications as an aid to palaeoenvironmental interpretations of the open-air Pleistocene site of Tighenif (Algeria)., Quat. Res. 42:340–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denys, C., Fernandez-Jalvo, F. and Dauphin, Y., 1995, Experimental taphonomy: preliminary results of the digestion of micromammalian bones in the laboratory, C. R. hebdomadaires Acad. Sci. Paris 321(2a):803–809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denys, C., Kowalski, K. and Dauphin, Y., 1992, Mechanical and chemical alterations of skeletal tissues in a recent Saharan accumulation of feaces from Vulpes rueppelli (Carnivora, Mammalia), Acta Zool. Cracoviensia 32(2):265–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodson, P., and Wexlar, D., 1979, Taphonomic investigation of owl pellets, Paleobiology 5:275–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke, G. E., Jegers, A. A., Loff, G., and Evanson, O. A., 1975, Gastric juice of some raptors, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A — Physiol. 50:649–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyczkowski, J., and Yalden, D. W., 1998, An estimate of the impact of predators on the British Field Voles Microtus agrestis population, Mamm. Rev. 28(4):165–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elton, C., 1966, Animal Ecology, Methuen & Co, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., 1995, Small mammal taphonomy at La Trinchera de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). A remarkable example of taphonomic criteria used for stratigraphic correlations and palaeoenvironmental interpretations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 114:167–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., 1996, Small mammal taphonomy and the Middle Pleistocene environments of Dolina, Northern Spain, Quat. Int. 33:21–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., and Andrews, P., 1992, Small mammal taphonomy of Gran Dolina, Atapuerca (Burgos), Spain, J. Archaeol. Sci. 19:407–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Denys, C., Andrews, P., Williams, T., Dauphin, Y. and Humphrey, L., 1998, Taphonomyand Palaeoecology of Olduvai Bed-1 (Pleistocene, Tanzania), J. Human Evol. 34:137–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, D. C., 1981, Crocodilian scatology, micro vertebrate concentrations, and enamel-less teeth, Paleobiology 7:262–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geering, K., 1990, A taphonomic analysis of recent masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae castanops) pellets from Tasmania, in: Problem Solving in Taphonomy, Archaeological and Palaeontological Studies for Europe, Africa and Oceania (S. Solomon, I. Davidson, and D. Watson, eds.), Tempus, Queensland, pp. 135–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glue, D. E., 1974, Food of the Barn owl in Britain and Ireland, Bird Study 21:200–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm, R. J., and Whitehouse, W. M., 1963, Pellet formation in a Great-horned owl. A roentgenigraphic study, The Auk 80:301–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, M. L., and Hamlet, J., 1964, Birds of Prey of the World, Clarkson N. Potter, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadly, E. A., 1999, Fidelity of terrestrial vertebrate fossils to a modern ecosystem, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 149:398–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanney, P., 1963, Observations upon the food of the Barn owl (Tyto alba) in Southern Nyasaland, with amethod of ascertaining population dynamics of rodent prey, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 65:305–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, S., Morris, P., Wray, S., and Yalden, D., 1995, A Review of British Mammals: Population Estimates and Conservation Status of British Mammals Other Than Cetaceans, JNCC, Peterborough.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, G., 1980, Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones, Paleobiology 6:341–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, G., 1983, A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones, Paleobiology 9:164–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henshilwood, C. S., 1997, Identifying the collector: evidence for human processing of the Cape dune mole-rat, Bathyergus suillus, from Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa, J. Archaeol. Sci. 24:659–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R., 1988, The contribution of raptorial birds to patterning in small mammal assemblages, Paleobiology 14:81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, L. K., and Goldberg, P., 1989, A study of Pleistocene and Holocene hyena coprolites, J. Archaeol. Sci. 16:71–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, L. L., 1985, Review of ‘The Omo Micromammals’ by H.B. Wesselman, J. Vert. Paleontol. 5:281–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korth, W. W., 1979, Taphonomy of micro vertebrate fossil assemblages, Annals Carnegie Mus. 48:235–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, B. P., Brown, J. S. and Hasson, O., 1991, Factors affecting gerbil foraging behavior and rates of owl predation, Ecology 72:2249–2260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski, K., 1990, Some problems with the taphonomy of small mammals, in: International Symposium Evolution, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of Arvicolids (Rodentia, Mammalia) (O. Fejfar and W. D. Heinrich, eds.), Geological Survey, Prague, pp. 285–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusmer, K. D., 1990, Taphonomy of owl pellet deposition, J. Paleontol. 64:629–637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Love, R. A., Webbon, C., Glue, D. and Harris, S., 2000, Changes in the food of British Barn Owls (Tyto alba) between 1974 and 1997, Mamm. Rev. 30(2):107–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayhew, D. F., 1977, Avian predators as accumulators of fossil mammal material, Boreas 6:25–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mellett, J. S., 1974, Scatological origin of micro vertebrate fossil accumulations, Science 185:349–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, W. I., 1975, On the relationship between sub-fossil and recent British Water voles, Mamm. Rev. 5:23–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphey, P. C., Torick, L. L., Bray, E. S., Chandler, R., and Evanoff, E., 2001, Taphonomy, fauna and depositional environment of the Omomys Quarry, an unusual accumulation from the Bridger Formation (Middle Eocene) of Southwestern Wyoming (USA), in: Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats (G. F. Gunnell, ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 361–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raczynski, J., and Ruprecht, A. C., 1974, The effects of digestion on the osteological composition of owl pellets, Acta Ornithol. 14:1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rautenbach, I. L., 1978, Ecological distribution of the mammals of the Transvaal, Annals Transvaal Mus. 31:131–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saavedra, B., and Simonetti, J. A., 1998, Small mammal taphonomy: intraspecific bone assemblage comparison between South and North American barn owl Tyto alba populations, J. Archaeol. Sci. 25:165–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, D. N., and Juell, K. E., 1994, Towards the identification of coyote scatological faunal accumulations in archaeological contexts, J. Archaeol. Sci. 21:249–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonetti, J. A., and Cornejo, L. E., 1991, Archaeological evidence of rodent consumption in central Chile, Latin Am. Antiquity 2:92–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, K. M., Leblanc, L., Matthiesen, D. P., and West, J., 1999, Microfaunal remains from a modern east African raptor roost: patterning and implications for fossil bone scatters, Paleobiology 24:483–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, I., 1994, Barn Owls: Predator-Prey Relationships and Conservation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, M. L., and Rasmussen, D. T., 2001, Taphonomic interpretation of Gnat-Out-of-Hell, an Early Uintan small mammal locality in the Unita Formation, Utah, in: Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual Occurrences and Rarely Sampled Habitats (G. F. Gunnell, ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 299–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voorhies, M. R., 1969, Taphonomy and population dynamics of an early Pliocene vertebrate fauna, Knox County, Nebraska, Univ. Wyoming Contrib. Geol., Spec. Paper 1:1–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, A. H., 1990, Owl pellets and the fossil record, in: Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution (by A. J. Boucot), Elsevier, New York, pp. 233–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wesselman, H. B., 1984, The Omo Micromammals, Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution 7, Karger, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. P., 2001, Small mammal deposits in archaeology: a taphonomic investigation of Tyto alba (barn owl) nesting and roosting sites. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sheffield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalden, D. W., 1999, The History of British Mammals, T & AD Poyser Natural History, London.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Williams, J.P. (2003). Bones of Comprehension. In: Kelley, P.H., Kowalewski, M., Hansen, T.A. (eds) Predator—Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record. Topics in Geobiology, vol 20. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0161-9_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0161-9_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4947-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0161-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics