Abstract
Typically, verbal responses are assumed to provide a window on the intellect, personality, and related functioning of individuals. However, in some cases, verbal interactions are considered inappropriate as an index of cognitive and interpersonal sophistication. For example, some individuals cannot be assessed via verbal interactions (e.g., those with speech and language impairments and/or hearing deficits, culturally different backgrounds, neurological trauma, emotional problems such as selective mutism). For those individuals, language is a confound and nonverbal tests provide a more rigorous and less biased assessment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Psychological Association (1993). Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic and culturally diverse populations. American psychologist, 48, 45–48.
Armour-Thomas, E., & Gopaul-McNicol, S. (1997). A bio-ecological approach to intellectual assessment. Cultural diversity and mental health,3(2), 25–39.
Arthur, G. (1943). A point scale of performance tests: Clinical manual. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
Arthur, G. (1947).A point scale of performance tests: Clinical manual. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
Bracken, B. A. (1986). Incidence of basic concepts in the directions of five commonly used American tests of intelligence. School Psychology International, 7, 1–10.
Bracken, B. A. (1998). Bracken basic concept scale: Spanish form. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Bracken, B. A., Barona, A., Bauermeister, J. J., Howell, K. K., Paggioli, L., & Puente, A. (1990). Multinational validation of the Spanish Bracken basic concept scale for cross-cultural assessments. Journal of School Psychology, 28, 325–341.
Bracken, B. A., & Fouad, N. (1987). Spanish translation and validation of the Bracken basic concept scale. School Psychology Review, 16, 94–102.
Bracken, B. A., & McCallum, R. S. (1998). Universal nonverbal intelligence test. Itasca, IL: Riverside.
Bracken, B. A., & McCallum, R. S. (2001). Assessing intelligence in a population that speaks more than two hundred languages: A nonverbal solution. In L. A. Suzuki, J. G. Ponterotto, & P. J. Meller (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural assessment: clinical, psychological, and educational applications (2nd ed., pp. 405–431). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Braden, J. P. (1984). LPAD applications to deaf populations. In D. S. Martin (Ed.), International symposium on cognition, education, and deafness: Working papers. Washington, DC: Gallaudet College Press.
Braden, J. P., Kostrubala, C. E., & Reed, J. (1994). Why do deaf children score differently on performance vs. motor-reduced nonverbal intelligence tests? Journal of psychoeducational assessment, 12(4), 357–363.
Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J., & Johnsen, S. K. (1990). Test of nonverbal intelligence (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J., & Johnsen, S. K. (1997). Test of nonverbal intelligence (3rd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Budoff, M. (1975). Learning potential test using Raven Progressive Matrices. Cambridge, MA: Research Institute for Educational Problems.
Budoff, M. (1987). Measures for assessing learning. In C. S. Lidz (Ed.), Dynamic assessment: An interactive approach to evaluation of learning potential (pp. 173–195). New York: Guilford Press.
Burgemeister, B. B., Blum, L. H., & Lorge, I. (1972). Columbia mental maturity scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Caney, N. J. (1995). Itard’s 1828 memoire on ‘mutism caused by a lesion of the intellectual functions’: A historical analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 341, 655–661.
Coleman, M., Scribner, A. P., Johnsen, S., & Evans, M. (1993). A comparison between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults - Revised and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence -2 with Mexican American secondary students. Journal of psychoeducational assessment,11(3), 250–258.
Dasen, P. R. (1984). The cross-cultural study of intelligence - Piaget and the Baoule. International journal of psychology,19(4–5), 407–434.
Diana v. State Board of Education (1970). Clearing House Review, 3(10).
Donzelli, J. (1996, September 11). How do you say “milk” in 54 different ways? Sun sentinel (Fort Lauderdale) (p. 11). East Broward Edition, Community Closeup section.
Elliot, C. D. (1990). Differential ability scales: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Fast Fact (1996, December 5). Sun sentinel (Fort Lauderdale) (p. 1B). Palm Beach Edition, Local section.
Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., & Hoffman, M. (1979). Dynamic assessment of retarded performers: The learning potential assessment device, theory, instruments, and techniques. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Forester, S. (2000, March 13). Personal communication.
Frisby, C. L. (1999). Straight talk about cognitive assessment and diversity. School Psychology Quarterly, 14,195–207.
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
Glutting, J. J., & McDermott, P. A. (1990). Principles and problems in learning potentials. In C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus (Eds.), Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children’s intelligence and achievement (pp. 296–347). New York: Guilford.
Goodenough, F. L. (1926). Measurement of intelligence by drawings. New York: World Book.
Gopaul-McNicol, S., & Armour-Thomas, E. (2002). Assessment and culture: Psychological tests with minority populations. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Gopaul-McNicol, S. & Thomas-Presswood, T. (1998). Working with linguistic and culturally different children: Innovative educational and clinical approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
Government Printing Office (1918). Examiners’ guide for psychological examining in the army. Washington, DC: Author.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hammill, D. D., Pearson, N. A., & Wiederholt, J. L. (1996). Comprehensive test of nonverbal intelligence. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Hargis, C. H. (1987). Curriculum based assessment: A primer. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Healy, W. L. (1914). A pictorial completion test. The Psychological Review, xx, 189–203.
Healy, W. L. (1918). Pictorial completion test II. Chicago: C.H. Stoelting.
Healy, W. L. (1921). Pictorial completion test II. Journal of Applied Psychology, 5, 232–233.
Itard, J. M. G. (1932). The wild boy of Aveyron. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Jensen, A. R. (1993). Psychometric g and achievement. In B. R. Gifford (Ed.), Policy per-spectives on educational testing (pp. 117–227), Boston: Kluwer.
Kamphaus, R. W. (2001). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent intelligence (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Kaufman, A. S. (1990). Assessing adolescent and adult intelligence. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Kaufman, A. S. (1994). Intelligent testing with the WISC-II. New York: Wiley.
Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1983). Kaufman assessment battery for children:Administration and scoring manual. Circle Pine, MN: American Guidance Service.
Knox, H. A. (1914). A scale based on the work at Ellis Island for estimating mental defect.Journal of the American Medical Association, 62, 741–747.
Larry P. v. Riles, 495 F. Supp. 926 (N.D. Cal. 1979).
Leiter, R. G. (1948). Leiter international performance scale. Chicago: Stoeling.
Lidz, C. S. (2001). Multicultural issues and dynamic assessment. In L. A. Suzuki, J. G.Ponterotto, & P. J. Meller (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psycho-logical, and educational applications (2nd ed., pp. 523–540). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Marshall v. Georgia, No. CV 482–233 (S.D. Ga. 1984).
McCallum, R. S. (1999). A bakers dozen criteria for evaluation fairness in nonverbal testing. The school psychologist, 40–43.
McCallum, R. S., Bracken, B. A., & Wasserman, J. (2001). Essentials of nonverbal assessment. New York: Wiley.
Mercer, J. R. (1976). Pluralistic diagnosis in the evaluation of Black and Chicano children: A procedure for taking sociocultural variables into account in clinical assessment. In C. A. Hemandez, M. J. Haug, & N. N. Wagner (Eds.), Chicanos: Social and psychological perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 183–195). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Naglieri, J. A. (1985a). Matrix analogies test-Sort form. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
Naglieri, J. A. (1985b). Matrix analogies test-Expanded form. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
Naglieri, J. A. (1996). Naglieri nonverbal ability test. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Naglieri, J. A., & Bardos, A. N. (1997). General ability measure for adults. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
O’Hanlon, A. (1997, May 11). Non-English speakers are testing schools. The Washington Post (p. V01). Prince William Extra section.
Orwell, G. (1946). Animal farm. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
PACE v. Hannon, 506 F. Supp. 831 (N.D. Ill. 1980).
Padilla, A. M. (2001). Issues in culturally appropriate assessment. In L. A. Suzuki, J. G.Ponterotto, & P. J. Meller (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural assessment: Clinical, psycho-logical, and educational applications (2nd ed., pp. 5–28). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pasko, J. R. (1994). Chicago—Don’t miss it. Communiqué, 23(4), 2.
Piaget, J. (1963). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: Norton.
Porteus, S. D. (1915). Mental tests for the feebleminded: A new series. Journal of PsychoAsthenics, 19,200–213.
Power, S. (1996, May 9). Panel suggests school clerks learn Spanish: Board takes no action on report. The Dallas Morning News (p. 1F). Plano section.
Prifitera, A., Weiss, L. G., & Saklofske, D. H. (1998). The WISO-III in context. In A. Prifitera and D. H. Saklofske (Eds.). WISC-III clinical use and interpretation: Scientist-practitioner perspectives, (pp. 1–38). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Puente, M. (1998, May 27). Californians likely to end bilingual ed. USA Today, News section (p. 4A).
Raven, J., Raven, J. C., & Court, J. H. (1998). Manual for Raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Oxford, UK: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Reynolds, C. R., Lowe, P. A., & Saenz, A. L. (1999). The problem of bias in psychological assessment. In C. R. Reynolds & T. B. Gutidn (Eds.), Handbook of school psychology (pp. 549–595). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Roid, G. H., & Miller, L. J. (1997). Leiter international performance scale—revised: Examiner’s manual. In G. H. Roid & L. J. Miller (Eds.), Leiter international performance scale revised. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting.
Rourke, B. P. (1995). Syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities: Neurodevelopmental mani–festations. New York: Guilford Press.
Sattler, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Author.
Seguin, E. (1907). Idiocy and its treatment by the physiological method. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Shapiro, E. S. (1987). Behavioral assessment in school psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stepp, D. (1997, November 20). School watch; as demographics change, language programs grow; transition help: The international welcome center helps non-English-speaking students adjust. The Atlanta Journal and Constitution (p. 02g). Extra section.
Thorndike, R. L., & Hagen, E. P. (1986). Measurement in evaluation in psychology and edu-cation (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Thorndike, R. M., & Lohman, D. F. (1990). A century of ability testing. Chicago: Riverside.
Ulik, C. (1997, January 6). Civil rights officials check Tempe schools; limited-English programs studied. The Arizona Republic/The Phoenix Gazette, Tempe Community Section, p. 1.
Unz, R. (1997, October 19). Perspective on education; bilingual is a damaging myth; a system that ensures failure is kept alive by the flow of federal dollars. A 1998 initiative would bring change. Los Angeles Times, Opinion section, part M, p. 5
Valencia, R. R. & Rankin, R. J. (1985). Evidence of content bias on the McCarthy Scale with Mexican-American Children - Implications for test translation and nonbiased assessment. Journal of educational psychology, 77(2), 197–207.
Van den Berg, A. R. (1986). The problems of measuring intelligence in a heterogeneous society and possible solutions to some of these problems. Pretoria: Institute for Psychological and Edumetric Research, Human Sciences Research Council.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wechsler, D. (1949). Wechsler intelligence scale for children. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Wiggins, G. (1990). Portfolio-based assessment: Considerations and examples. Paper pre-sented at meeting of Southern Maine Partnership Network of Renewing Schools, Gorham, ME, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McCallum, R.S. (2003). Context for Nonverbal Assessment of Intelligence and Related Abilities. In: McCallum, R.S. (eds) Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0153-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0153-4_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4945-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0153-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive