Abstract
In the ionospheres of both Venus and Mars, O +2 is the most abundant molecular ion, followed at an order of magnitude lower abundance by CO +2 and NO+.1,2 This result was initially surprising, given that there is relatively little (<0.2%) O2 in either atmosphere. At altitudes above 150 km, O +2 is formed by the fast exothermic reaction:3
where the O+ reactant comes from dissociative ionization of the CO2 atmosphere.
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Cosby, P.C., Peterson, J.R., Huestis, D.L. (2003). Dissociative Recombination of Vibrationally Excited Levels in Oxygen Molecular Ions. In: Guberman, S.L. (eds) Dissociative Recombination of Molecular Ions with Electrons. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0083-4_11
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