Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the tripeptide y-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (Figure 1). It has been identified in all eukaryotic organisms thus far examined and in many prokaryotes. In most it is the major nonprotein thiol. Some plants synthesize both GSH and a homologue, which has the C-tenninal glycine replaced with another amino acid. Examples include many legumes that synthesize in addition to GSH, homoglutathione with the structure y-glutamyl-cysteinyl-ß-alanine (1), rice and wheat in the family Poaceae that synthesize a tripeptide with the structure yglutamyl-cysteinyl-serine (2), and maize that synthesizes y-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glutamate (3,4). Many aerobic prokaryotes synthesize GSH or a homologue such as glutathionyl-spermidine (5). By contrast, anaerobic bacteria generally do not synthesize GSH (6).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Klapheck, S. (1988) Plant Physiol. 74, 727–732.
Klapheck, S., Fliegner, W. and Zimmer, I. (1994) Plant Physiol. 104, 1325–1332.
Meuwly, P., Thibault, P., Schwan, A.L. and Rauser, W.E. (1995) Plant J. 7, 391–400.
Meuwly, P., Thibault, P. and Rauser, W.E. (1993) FEBS Lett. 336, 472–476.
Tabor, H. and Tabor, C.W. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 2648–2654.
Sherrill, C. and Fahey, R.C. (1998) J. Bact. 180, 1454–1459.
May, M. J., Vernoux, T., Leaver, C., Van Montagu, M. and Inze, D. (1998) J. Exp. Bot.49, 649–667.
Noctor, G., Arisi, A.C.M., Jouanin, L., Kunert, K.J., Rennenberg, H. and Foyer, C.H.(1998) J. Exp. Bot. 49, 623–647.
Cobbett, C. and Goldsbrough, P. (2002) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 53,159–182.
Zenk, M. H. (1996) Gene 179, 21–30.
Zhu, Y.L., Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Tarun, A.S., Weber, S.U., Jouanin, L. and Terry, N.(1999) Plant Physiol. 121, 1169–1177.
Zhu, Y.L., Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Jouanin, L. and Terry, N. (1999) Plant Physiol. 119, 73–79.
Xiang, C., Werner, B.L., Christensen, E.M. and Oliver, D.J. (2001) Plant Physiol. 126,564–574.
Cobbett, C.S., May, M.J., Howden, R. and Rolls, B. (1998) Plant J. 16, 73–78.
Rennenberg, H. (1984) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35, 121–153.
Lappartient, A.G., Vidmar, J.J., Leustek, T., Glass, A.D. and Touraine, B. (1999) Plant J.18, 89–95.
Herschbach, C., van der Zalm, E., Schneider, A., Jouanin, L., De Kok, L.J. andRennenberg, H. (2000) Plant Physiol. 124, 461–473.
Baier, M. and Dietz, K.J. (1997) Plant J. 12, 179–190.
Wingate, V.P., Lawton, M.A. and Lamb, C.J. (1988) Plant Physiol. 87, 206–210.
Wingsle, G. and Karpinski, S. (1996) Planta 198, 151–157.
Lockwood T.D. (2000) Antioxid. Redox Signal 2, 851–878.
Zhang, Y., Yuksel, K.U. and Gracy, R.W. (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 317, 112–120.
Irihimovitch, V. and Shapira, M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16289–16295.
Demasi, M., Shringarpure, R. and Davies, K. J. (2001) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 389,254–263.
Carelli, S., Ceriotti, A., Cabibbo, A., Fassina, G., Ruvo, M. and Sitia, R. (1997) Science 277, 1681–1684.
Sies, H., Dafre, A.L., Ji, Y. and Akerboom, T.P. (1998) Chem. Biol. Interact. 111–112,177–185.
Dafre, A.L., Sies, H. and Akerboom, T. (1996) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 332, 288–294.
Sipos, K., Lange, H., Fekete, Z., Ullmann, P., Lill, R. and Kispal, G. (2002) J. Biol.Chem. 277, 26944–26949.
Mueller, L.A., Goodman, C.D., Silady, R.A. and Walbot, V. (2000) Plant Physiol. 123,1561–1570.
Vernoux, T., Wilson, R.C., Seeley, K.A., Reichheld, J.P., Muroy, S., Brown, S.,Maughan, S.C., Cobbett, C.S., Van Montagu, M., Inze, D., May, M.J. and Sung, Z.R. (2000) Plant Cell 12, 97–110.
de Rey-Paialhade, J. (1988) C.R. Acad. Sci. 106, 1683–1684.
Hopkins, F.G. and Dixon, M. (1922) J. Biol. Chem. 54, 527–563.
Hopkins, F.G. (1929) J. Biol. Chem. 84, 269–320.
Hopkins, F.G. and Dixon, M. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, el-e2.
Hunter, G. and Eagle, B.A. (1927) J. Biol. Chem. 72, 133.
Guthrie, J.D. (1932) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 54, 2566–2567.
Price, C.A. (1957) Nature 180, 148–149.
Meister, A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 17205–17208.
Barnes, M.M., James, S.P. and Wood, P.B. (1959) Biochem. J. 71, 680–690.
Bray, H.G., Franklin, T.J. and James, S.P. (1959) Biochem. J. 71, 690–696.
Bray, H.G., Franklin,T.J. and James, S.P. (1959) Biochem. J. 73, 465–473.
Booth, J., Boyland, E. and Sims, P. (1961) Biochem. J. 79, 516–524.
Tsuchida, S. and Sato, K. (1992) Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 27, 337–384.
Sato, K., Tsuchida, S. and Tamai, K. (1989) Gan. To Kagaku. Ryoho. 16, 592–598.
Sato, K. (1989) Adv. Cancer Res. 52, 205–255.
Shimabukkuro, R.H., Frear, D.S., Swanson, H.R. and Walsh, W.C. (1971) Plant Physiol.47, 10–14.
Dixon, D.P., Cummins, I., Cole, D.J. and Edwards, R. (1998) Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1,258–266.
Hell, R. and Bergmann, L. (1990) Planta 180, 603–612.
Hell, R. and Bergmann, L. (1988) Plant Physiol. 72, 70–76.
May, M.J. and Leaver, C.J. (1994) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 10059–10063.
Wang, C.L. and Oliver, D.J. (1996) Plant Mol. Biol. 31, 1093–1104.
Wang, C.L. and Oliver, D.J. (1997) Biochem. J. 326, 563–566.
Rawlins, M.R., Leaver, C.J. and May, M.J. (1995) FEBS Lett. 376, 81–86.
Ullmann, P., Gondet, L., Potier, S. and Bach, T.J. (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. 236, 662–669.
Schafer, H.J., Haag-Kerwer, A. and Rausch, T. (1998) Plant Mol. Biol. 37, 87–97.
Shipsey, M., Andrews, C.J., Townson, J., Jepson, I, and Edwards, R. (1999) Plant Physiol. 121, 312.
Frendo, P., Mathieu, C., Van de Sype, G., Herouart, D. and Puppo, A. (1999) Free Rad.Res.31, S213–S218.
Frendo, P., Jimenez, M.J., Mathieu, C., Duret, L., Gallesi, D., Van de Sype, G., Herouart,D. and Puppo, A. (2001) Plant Physiol. 126, 1706–1715.
Stevens, R.G., Creissen, G.P. and Mullineaux, P.M. (1997) Plant Mol. Biol. 35, 641–654.
Mullineaux, P., Enard, C., Hellens, R. and Creissen, G. (1996) Planta 200, 186–194.
Creissen, G., Reynolds, H., Xue, Y. and Mullineaux, P. (1995) Plant J., 8, 167–175.
Jiménez, A., Hernández, J.A., Pastori, G., del Rio, L.A. and Sevilla, F. (1998) Plant Physiol. 118, 1327–1335.
Jiménez, A., Hernández, J.A., del Rio, L.A. and Sevilla, F. (1997) Plant Physiol. 114,275–284.
Mullineaux, P. and Creissen, G.P. (1997) in Oxidative Stress and the Molecular Biologyof Antioxidant Defenses. (Scandalios, J. G., ed.) pp. 667–713, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
Noctor, G., Arisi, A.C., Jouanin, L. and Foyer, C.H. (1998) Plant Physiol. 118, 471–482.
Foyer, C.H., Souriau, N., Perret, S., Lelandais, M., Kunert, K.J., Pruvost, C. and Jouanin,L. (1995) Plant Physiol. 109, 1047–1057.
Arisi, A.C., Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H. and Jouanin, L. (1997) Planta 203, 362–372.
Leustek, T., Martin, M.N., Bick, J.A. and Davies, J.P. (2000) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.Plant Mol. Biol. 51, 141–165.
Tsakraklides, G., Martin, M., Chalam, R., Tarczynski, M.C., Schmidt, A. and Leustek, T.(2002) Plant J. 32, 879–890.
Harms, K., von Ballmoos, P., Brunold, C., Hofgen, R. and Hesse, H. (2000) Plant J. 22,335–343.
Blaszczyk, A., Brodzik, R. and Sirko, A. (1999) Plant J. 20, 237–243.
Blaszczyk, A., Sirko, L., Hawkesford, M.J. and Sirko, A. (2002) Plant Sci. 162, 589–597.
Wirtz, M. and Hell, R. (2002) Plant Biol. Supp., 167.
Smith, F.W., Hawkesford, M.J., Ealing, P.M., Clarkson, D.T., VandenBerg, P.J., Belcher,A.R. and Warrilow, A.G.S. (1997) Plant J. 12, 875–884.
Strohm, M., Jouanin, L., Kunert, K.J., Pruvost, C., Polle, A., Foyer, C.H. and Rennenberg, H. (1995) Plant J. 7, 141–145.
Xiang, C.B. and Oliver, D.J. (1998) Plant Cell 10, 1539–1550.
Xiang, C.B., Werner, B.L., Christensen, E.M. and Oliver, D.J. (2001) Plant Physiol. 126,564–574.
May, M.J., Parker, J.E., Daniels, M.J., Leaver, C.J. and Cobbett, C.S. (1996) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9, 349–356.
Noctor, G. and Foyer, C.H. (1998) Anal. Biochem. 264, 98–110.
Gutiérrez-Alcalá, G., Gotor, C., Meyer, A.J., Fricker, M., Vega, J.M. and Romero, L.C.(2000) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 11108–11113.
Fricker, M.D., May, M., Meyer, A.J., Sheard, N. and White, N.S. (2000) J. Microsc. 198(Pt 3), 162–173.
Fricker, M.D. and Meyer, A.J. (2001) J. Exp. Bot. 52, 631–640.
Meyer, A.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2000) J. Microsc. 198 (Pt 3), 174–181.
Meyer, A.J., May, M.J. and Fricker, M. (2001) Plant J. 27, 67–78.
Matamoros, M.A., Moran, J.F., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Rubio, M.C. and Becana, M. (1999) Plant Physiol. 121, 879–888.
Rennenberg, H., Schmidt, K. and Bergmann, L. (1979) Planta 147, 57–62.
Sunarpi and Anderson, J. W. (1996) Plant Physiol. 110, 1151–1157.
Blake-Kalff, M.M.A., Harrison, K.R., Hawkesford, M.J., Zhao, F.J. and McGrath, S.P.(1998) Plant Physiol. 118, 1337–1344.
Sunarpi and Anderson, J. W. (1997) Plant Physiol. 115, 1671–1680.
Fitzgerald, M.A., Ugalde, T.D. and Anderson, J.W. (1999) J. Exp. Bot. 50, 1587–1592.
Fitzgerald, M.A., Ugalde, T.D. and Anderson, J.W. (1999) J. Exp. Bot. 50, 499–508.
Fitzgerald, M.A., Ugalde, T.D. and Anderson, J.W. (2001) J. Exp. Bot. 52, 1519–1526.
Sunarpi and Anderson, J. W. (1997) Plant Physiol. 114, 687–693.
Bonas, U.K., Schmidtz, K., Rennenberg, H. and Bergmann, L. (1982) Planta 155, 82–88.
Adams, D.O. and Liyangage, C. (1993) Amer. J. Viticul. 44, 333–338.
Herschbach, C., van Der Zalm, E., Schneider, A., Jouanin, L., De Kok, L.J. and Rennenberg, H. (2000) Plant Physiol. 124, 461–473.
Herschbach, C. and Rennenberg, H. (1994) J. Exp. Bot. 45, 1069–1076.
Lappartient, A.G., Vidmar, J.J., Leustek, T., Glass, A.D.M. and Touraine, B. (1999) PlantJ. 18, 89–95.
Vidmar, J.J., Schjoerring, J.K., Touraine, B. and Glass, A.D.M. (1999) Plant Mol. Biol.40,883–892
Li, L., Lee, T.K., Meier, P.J. and Ballatori, N. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16184–16191.
Theodoulou, F.L. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. 1465, 79–103.
Rebbeor, J.F., Connolly, G.C., Dumont, M.E. and Ballatori, N. (1998) J. Biol. Chem.273, 33449–33454.
Rebbeor, J.F., Connolly, G.C. and Ballatori, N. (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1559,171–178.
lantomase, T. (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1330, 274–283.
Schneider, A. (1992) Plant Physiol. Biochem. 30, 29–38.
Jamai, A., Tommasini, R., Martinoia, E. and Delrot, S. (1996) Plant Physiol. 111, 1145–1152.
Miyake, T. (1998) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 1858–1864.
Bourbouloux, A., Shahi, P., Chakladar, A., Delrot, S. and Bachhawat, A.K. (2000) J.Biol. Chem. 275, 13259–13265.
Miyake, T., Kanayama, M., Sammoto, H. and Ono, B. (2002) Mol. Genet. Genomics 266, 1004–1011.
Foyer, C.H., Theodoulou, F.L. and Delrot, S. (2001) Trends Plant Sci. 6, 486–492.
Moran, J.F., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Matamoros, M.A., Rubio, M.C., Clemente, M. R.,Brewin, N.J. and Becana, M. (2000) Plant Physiol. 124, 1381–1392.
Amer, E.S. and Holmgren, A. (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 6102–6109.
del Rio, L.A., Corpas, F.J., Sandalio, L.M., Palma, J.M., Gomez, M. and Barroso, J.B.(2002) J. Exp. Bot. 53, 1255–1272.
Goto, S., Ihara, Y., Urata, Y., Izumi, S., Abe, K., Koji, T.,and Kondo, T. (2001) Faseb J.15, 2702–2714.
Martensson, J., Lai, J.C.K. and Meister, A. (1990) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 7185–7189.
Banhegyi, G., Lusini, L., Puskas, F., Rossi, R., Fulceri, R., Braun, L., Mile, V., diSimplicio, P., Mandl, J. and Benedetti, A. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12213–12216.
Cummings, B.S., Angeles, R., McCauley, R.B. and Lash, L.H. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276, 940–944.
Chen, Z., Putt, D.A. and Lash, L.H. (2000) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 373, 193–202.
Lu, Y.P., Li, Z.S. and Rea, P.A. (1997) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 8243–8248.
Lu, Y.P., Li, Z.S., Drozdowicz, Y. M., Hortensteiner, S., Martinoia, E. and Rea, P. A.(1998) Plant Cell 10, 267–282.
Coleman, J.O.D., BlakeKalff, M.M.A. and Davies, T.G.E. (1997) Trends in Plant Sci. 2,144–151.
Meister, A. (1989) in Glutathione: Chemical Biochemical, and Medical Aspects(Dolphin, D., Poulson, R. and Avramovic, O., eds.) pp. 367–474, Wiley, New York.
Lieberman, M.W., Wiseman, A.L., Shi, Z.Z., Carter, B.Z., Barrios, R., Ou, C.N., ChevezBarrios, P., Wang, Y., Habib, G.M., Goodman, J.C., Huang, S.L., Lebovitz, R.M. and Matzuk, M.M. (1996) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 7923–7926.
Bergmann, L. and Rennenberg, H. (1993) in Sulfur nutrition and sulfur assimilation inhigher plants (de Kok, L.J., Stulen, I., Rennenberg, H., Brunold, and C., Rauser, W.E., eds.) pp. 109–123, SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague.
Steinkamp, R. and Rennenberg, H. (1985) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C- J. Biosci.40c, 29–33.
Kawasaki, Y.O.T. and Sasaoka, K. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 716, 194–200.
Kasai, T., Ohmiya, A. and Sakamura, S. (1982) Phytochemistry 21, 1233–1239.
Lancaster, J.E., Reynolds, P.H.S., Shaw, M.L., Dommisse, E.M. and Munro, X.X. (1989) Phytochemistry 28, 461–464.
Martin, M.N. and Slovin, J.P. (2000) Plant Physiol. 122, 1417–1426.
Martin, M.N., and Slovin, J.P. (1996) Plant Physiol. 111 (Suppl.), 52–55.
Rennenberg, H., Steinkamp, R. and Kesselmeier, J. (1981) Plant Physiol. 62, 211–216.
Chikhi, N., Holic, N., Guellaen, G. and Laperche, Y. (1999) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 122, 367–380.
Hudson, E.A., Munks, R.J. and Manson, M.M. (1997) Mol. Carcinog. 20, 376–388.
Kushnir, S., Babiychuk, E., Kampfenkel, K., Belles-Boix, E., Van Montagu, M. and Inzé,D. (1995) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 10580–10584.
Barouki, R., Finidori, J., Chobert, M.N., Aggerbeck, M., Laperche, Y. and Hanoune, J.(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7970–7974.136
Meister, A., Tate, S.S. and Griffith, O.W. (1981) Meth. Enzymol. 77, 237–253.
Storozhenko, S., Belles-Boix, E., Babiychuk, E., Herouart, D., Davey, M.W., Slooten, L.,Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. and Kushnir, S. (2002) Plant Physiol. 128, 1109–1119.
Goore, M. Y. and Thompson, J.F. (1967) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 132, 15–26.
Lancaster, J.E. and Shaw, M.L. (1994) Phytochemistry 36, 1351–1358.
Kean, E.A. and Hare, E.R. (1980) Phytochemistry 19, 199–203.
Mans, K.A. (1996) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 127–158.
McGonigle, B., Keeler, S.J., Lau, S.M., Koeppe, M.K. and O’Keefe, D.P. (2000) PlantPhysiol. 124, 1105–1120.
Yuan, Q., Hill, J., Hsiao, J., Moffat, K., Ouyang, S., Cheng, Z., Jiang, J. and Buell, C.R.(2002) Mol. Genet. Genomics 267, 713–720.
Edwards, R., Dixon, D.P. and Walbot, V. (2000) Trends Plant Sci. 5, 193–198.
Dixon, D.P., Lapthorn, A. and Edwards, R. (2002) Genome Biol. 3, REVIEWS3004.
Sheehan, D., Meade, G., Foley, V.M. and Dowd, C.A. (2001) Biochem. J. 360, 1–16.
Neuefeind, T., Huber, R., Reinemer, P., Knablein, J., Prade, L., Mann, K. and Bieseler, B.(1997) J. Mol. Biol. 274, 577–587.
Dirr, H., Reinemer, P. and Huber, R. (1994) J. Mol. Biol. 243, 72–92.
Din-, H., Reinemer, P. and Huber, R. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 220, 645–661.
Sinning, I., Kleywegt, G. J., Cowan, S. W., Reinemer, P., Dirr, H. W., Huber, R.,Gilliland, G. L., Armstrong, R. N., Ji, X., Board, P. G., Olin, B., Manvervik, B. and Jones, T.A. (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 232, 192–212.
Sommer, A. and Boger, P. (1999) Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 63, 127–138.
Dixon, D. P., Cole, D. J. and Edwards, R. (1999) Plant Mol. Biol. 40, 997–1008.
Rossini, L., Jepson, I., Greenland, A.J. and Gorla, M.S. (1996) Plant Physiol. 112, 1595–1600.
Rossini, L., Pe, M.E., Frova, C., Hein, K. and Sari-Gorla, M. (1995) Mol. Gen. Genet.248,535–539.
Takahashi, Y., Sakai, T., Ishida, S. and Nagata, T. (1995) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.92,6359–6363.
Flury, T., Wagner, E. and Kreuz, K. (1996) Plant Physiol. 112, 1185–1190.
Dixon, D.P., Davis, B.G. and Edwards, R. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30859–30869.
Veal, E.A., Toone, W.M., Jones, N. and Morgan, B.A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35523–35531.
Pemble, S.E., Wardle, A.F. and Taylor, J.B. (1996) Biochem. J. 319 (Pt 3), 749–754.
Hatton, P.J., Dixon, D., Cole, D.J. and Edwards, R. (1996) Pest. Sci. 46, 267–275.
Andrews, C.J., Skipsey, M., Townson, J.K., Morris, C., Jepson, I. and Edwards, R. (1997) Pest. Sci. 51, 213–222.
Irzyk, G. P. and Fuerst, E.P. (1993) Plant Physiol. 102, 803–810.
Mans, K.A., Alfenito, M.R., Lloyd, A.M. and Walbot, V. (1995) Nature 375, 397–400.
Alfenito, M.R., Souer, E., Goodman, C.D., Buell, R., Mol, J., Koes, R. and Walbot, V.(1998) Plant Cell 10, 1135–1149.
Li, Z.S., Alfenito, M., Rea, P.A., Walbot, V. and Dixon, R.A. (1997) Phytochemistry 45,689–693.
Wagner, U., Edwards, R., Dixon, D.P. and Mauch, F. (2002) Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 515–532.
Thom, R., Dixon, D.P., Edwards, R., Cole, D.J. and Lapthorn, A.J. (2001) J. Mol. Biol.308,949–962.
Fernández-Cañón J.M. and Peñalva, P.M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 328–337.
Dixon, D.P., Davis, B.G. and Edwards, R. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30859–30$69.
Lamoureux, G.L. and Rusness, D.G. (1993) in Sulfur Nutrition and Assimilation inHigher Plants (de Kok, L.J., Stulen, I., Rennenberg, H., Brunold, C. and Rauser„ W.E. eds.) pp. 221–237, SPB Academic, The Hague.
Rea, P.A., Li, Z.S., Lu, Y.P., Drozdowicz, Y.M. and Martinoia, E. (1998) Annu. 1.ev.Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 727–760.
Ishikawa, Y. (1992) Trends Biol. Sci. 17, 433–438.
Sanchez-Fernandez, R., Davies, T.G., Coleman, J.O. and Rea, P.A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem.276, 30231–30244.
Rea, P. A. (1999) J. Exp. Bot. 50, 895–913.
Li, Z.S., Szczypka, M., Lu, Y.P., Thiele, D.J. and Rea, P.A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271,6509–6517.
Li, Z.S., Lu, Y.P., Zhen, R.G., Szczypka, M., Thiele, D.J. and Rea, P.A. (1997) Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 42–47.
Tommasini, R., Vogt, E., Fromenteau, M., Hortensteiner, S., Matile, P., Amrhein, N. andMartinoia, E. (1998) Plant J. 13, 773–780.
Liu, G., Sanchez-Fernandez, R., Li, Z.S. and Rea, P.A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 8648–8656.
Gaillard, C., Dufaud, A., Tommasini, R., Kreuz, K., Amrhein, N. and Martinoia, E. (1994) FEBS Lett. 352, 219–221.
Martinoia, E., Grill, E., Tommasini, R. Kreuz, K. and Amrhein, N. (1993) Nature 364, 247–249.
Li, Z.S., Zhen, R.G. and Rea, P.A. (1995) Plant Physiol. 109, 177–185.
Pickett, C.B. and Lu, A.Y.H. (1989) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 743–764.
Lamoureux, G. L. and Rusness, D.G. (1981) in Sulfur in Pesticide Action and Metabolism (Rosen, J. D., Mager, P.S. and Casada, J.E., eds.) pp. 133–164, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Lamoureux, G.L. and Rusness, D.G. (1983) in Pesticide Chemistry: Human Welfare and the Environment (Miyamoto, J. and Kearnery, P.C., eds.) pp. 295–300, Pergamon, New York.
Lamoureux, G. L. and Rusness, D.G. (1986) in Xenobiotic Conjugation Chemistry (Paulson, G.D., Cadwell, J.J., Hutson, D.H. and Menn, J.J., eds.) pp. 62–105, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Lamoureux, G. L. and Rusness, D.G.. (1989) in Glutathione: Chemical, Biochemical,and Medical Aspects (Dolphin, D., Poulson, R. and Arnamovie, O., eds.) pp. 153–196, Wiley Interscience, New York.
Lamoureux, G.L., Shimabukuro, R.H. and Frear, D.S. (1991) in Herbicide Resistance inWeeds and Crops. (Caseley, J. C., Cussans, G.W. and Atkin, R.K., eds.) pp. 227–261, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
Wolf, A.E., Dietz, K.-J. and Schröder, P. (1996) FEBS Lett. 384, 31–34.
Carter, B.Z., Wiseman, A.L., Orkiszewski, R., Ballard, K.D., Ou, C.N. and Lieberman,M.W. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12305–12310.
Örning, L., Hammarström, S. and Samuelson, B. (1980) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77,2014–2017.
Pace-Asciak, C. R., Laneuville, O., Su, W.G., Corey, E.J., Gurevich, N. Wu, P. and Carlen, P.L. (1990) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87(8), 3037–3041.
Tate, S.S. (1985) Meth. Enzymol. 113, 471–484.
Lewis, R.A., Austen, K.F. and Soberman, R.J. (1990) New Engl. J. Med. 323, 645–655.
Örning, L. and Hammarström, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8023–8026.
Orning, L. and Hammarström, S. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 106, 13041309.
Penrose, J. F., Gagnon, L., Goppelt-Strube, M., Myers, P., Lam, B.K. Jack, R.M., Austen,K.F. and Soberman, R.J. (1992) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 11603–11606.
Sundkvist, E., Jaeger, R. and Sager, G. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1463, 121–130.
Heisterkamp, N., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Uribe, L., Forman, H.J. and Groffen, J. (1991) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 88, 6303–6307.
Carter, B.Z., Shi, Z.Z., Barrios, R. and Lieberman, M.W. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273,28277–28285.
Kondo, N., Imai, K., Isobe, M., Goto, T., Murasugi, A., Wada-Nakagawa, C. and Hayashi, Y. (1984) Tetrahedron Lett. 25, 3869–3872.
Grill, E., Winnacker, E.-L. and Zenk, M.H. (1985) Science 230, 674–676.
Gekeler, W., Grill, E., Winnacker, E.-L. and Zenk, M.H. (1989) Z. Naturforsch. 44c, 361–369.
Grill, E., Löffler, S., Winnacker, E.-L. and Zenk, M.H. (1989) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 86, 6838–6842.
Vatamaniuk, O.K., Mari, S., Lu, Y.-P. and Rea, P.A. (1999) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.96,7110–7115.
Clemens, S., Kim, E.J., Neumann, D. and Schroeder, J.I. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 3325–3333.
Howden, R., Goldsbrough, P.B., Andersen, C.R. and Cobbett, C.S. (1995) Plant Physiol.107, 1059–1066.
Ha, S.B., Smith, A.P., Howden, R., Dietrich, W.M., Bugg, S., O’Connell, M.J.,Goldsbrough, P.B. and Cobbett, C.S. (1999) Plant Cell 11, 1153–1163.
Cazale, A.C. and Clemens, S. (2001) FEBS Lett. 507, 215–219.
Vatamaniuk, O.K., Bucher, E.A., Ward, J.T. and Rea, P.A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276,20817–20820.
Vatamaniuk, O.K., Bucher, E.A., Ward, J.T. and Rea, P.A. (2002) Trends Biotechnol. 20,61–64.208
Vogeli-Lange, R. and Wagner, G.J. (1990) Plant Physiol. 92, 1086–1093.
Salt, D.E. and Rauser, W.E. (1995) Plant Physiol. 107, 1293–1301.
Ortiz, D.F., Ruscitti, T., McCue, K.F. and Ow, D.W. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4721–4728.
Ortiz, D.F., Kreppel, L., Speiser, D.M., Scheel, G., McDonald, G. and Ow, D.W. (1992) EMBO J. 11, 3491–3499.
Tommasini, R., Evers, R., Vogt, E., Mornet, C., Zaman, G.J., Schinkel, A.H., Borst, P.and Martinoia, E. (1996) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 6743–6748.
Reese, R.N., White, C.A. and Winge, D.A. (1992) Plant Physiol. 98, 225–229.
Juang, R.H., McCue, K.F. and Ow, D.W. (1993) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 304, 392–401.
Speiser, D.M., Ortiz, D.F., Kreppel, L., Scheel, G., McDonald, G. and Ow, D.W. (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 5301–5310.
Lee, S. and Leustek, T. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247, 171–175.
Heiss, S., Schäfer, H. J., Haag-Kerwer, A. and Rausch, T. (1999) Plant Mol. Biol. 39,847–857.
Schäfer, H.J., Greiner, S., Rausch, T., and Haag-Kerwer, A. (1997) FEBS Lett. 404, 216–220.
Vatamaniuk, O.K., Mari, S., Lu, Y.-P. and Rea, P.A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31451–31459.
Zenk, M. H. (1996) Gene 179, 21–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Martin, M.N. (2003). Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Glutathione in Plants. In: Setlow, J.K. (eds) Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0073-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0073-5_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4911-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0073-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive