Abstract
Despite a 50-year effort to control it, malaria remains one of the main public health problems worldwide. Existing tools for malaria control are limited. Specific tools such as alternative drugs for resistant malaria and impregnated mosquito nets need to be reinforced, while new strategies for management need to be implemented, especially at peripheral levels. In order to select and determine appropriate countermeasures, successful malaria control requires an understanding of the local epidemiological characteristics. The genetic diversities displayed by human and malarial parasites at different frequencies in different geographical areas affect characteristics like disease severity, drug and vaccine efficacies, and epidemic patterns. Factors affecting parasite distribution include transmission and parasite population dynamics, human migration and behaviour, and national policy. The islands of the Pacific offer diverse human habitats with differing malaria endemicity. The so-called Buxton line, which defines the southeastward limit of anopheline breeding, separates malarious Vanuatu from malaria-free New Caledonia and Fiji (Buxton and Hopkins, 1927). Vanuatu lies in Melanesia and consists of 80 islands. The languages on the many islands differ significantly, indicating long-term isolation. Colonization of the many Melanesian islands occurred at very different times. New Guinea, for example, was first colonized over 40,000 years ago (Groube et al., 1986), while archaeological evidence suggests that
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Kaneko, A. (2003). Malaria on Islands. In: Marzuki, S., Verhoef, J., Snippe, H. (eds) Tropical Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 531. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0059-9_6
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