Abstract
The model of Technical Assistance (TA) that has dominated the ethos of international aid for the last fifty years is increasingly becoming recognised as an inappropriate approach for helping people to develop out of poverty. Its overtones of paternalism, its focus on the hardware of aid (i.e. provision of equipment), and its lack of responsiveness to the needs of local communities has heralded a new age of local ownership and empowerment. International aid efforts are now less concerned with predetermining the outcome of projects and more concerned with establishing the proper process to build local capacity. Process skills, everybody seems to agree, are important. What is unclear, however, is what process skills actually are.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bedeian, A. G. (1980). Organization theory and analysis. Chicago, IL: The Dryden Press.
Berg, E. (1993). Rethinking technical co-operation: Reform for capacity building in Africa. New York, NY: Regional Bureau for Africa, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) & Development Alternatives, Inc.
Berry, J. W. (1991). Understanding and managing multiculturalism. Psychology & Developing Societies, 3, 17–49.
Bossert, T. J. (1990). Can they get along without us? Sustainability of donor-supported health projects in Central America and Africa. Social Sciences & Medicine, 30, 1015–1023.
Bossuyt, J. (1995). Capacity building: How can donors do it better? Policy Management Brief No. 5. ECDPM, Maastricht.
Brinkworth, D. W., & Goldsmith, A. A. (1992). Promoting the sustainability of development institutions: A framework for strategy. World Development, 20, 369–383.
Brislin, R. (1993). Understanding culture’s influence on behavior. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.
Brislin, R., Cushner, C, Cherrie, C, & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Campbell, B. K., & Lexley, J. (Eds.). (1989). Structural adjustment in Africa. London: Sage.
Carr, S. C., Mc Auliffe, E., & MacLachlan, M. (1998). Psychology of aid. London: Routledge.
Carr, S. C, Chipande, R., & MacLachlan, M. (1998). Expatriate aid salaries in Malaŵi: A doubly demotivating influence? International Journal of Educational, 18, 133–143.
Carr, S.C., & MacLachlan, M. (1998). Psychology in Developing Countries: Reassessing its impact. Psychology and Developing Societies, 10(1), 1–20.
Cassen, R. (1994). Does aid work? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Development, 18, 133–143.
Coghlan, D. & Mc Auliffe, E. (2003). Changing healthcare organisations. Dublin: Blackhall.
Cullinan, S., & MacLachlan, M. (2003) Critical incidents for Irish teachers on international development assignments. Unpublished paper.
Dalton, J. H., Elias, M. J., & Wandersman, A. (2001). Community psychology: Linking individuals and communities. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth Thompson Learning.
Dore, R. (1994). Why visiting sociologists fail. World Development, 22, 1425–1436.
Enge, E. (2001). The Reality of Aid. London: Earthscan.
Fahey, T., Gilsenan, F., Beggan, P., O’Driscoll, A., Greene, M., Wall, B., MacLachlan, M., & O’Brien, E. (2000). Capacity building in the Irish bi-lateral aid programme: Report by The Irish Aid Advisory Committee Working Group on Capacity Building. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 327–349.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kanyangale, M., & MacLachlan, M. (1995). Critical incidents for refugee counselors: An investigation of indigenous resources. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 8(1), 89–101.
Kealey, D. (1989). A study of cross-cultural effectiveness: Theoretical issues, practical implications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 387–428.
Kealey, D. (1994). Overseas screening and selection: A survey of current practice and future trends. Toronto, Canada: Technical Co-operation Directorate, Canadian International Development Agency.
Kean, J., Turner, A., Wood, D. H., & Wood, J. M. (1988). Synthesis of aid evaluation reports: FY 1985 and FY 1986. Evaluation Occasional Paper, 16. Washington, DC: USAID.
Leavitt, H. G., Dill, W. R., & Eyring, H. B. (1973). The organisational world: A systematic view of managers and management. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.
Lewin, K. (1952). Group decisions and social change. In T. Newcomb & T. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 197–211). New York, NY: Holt, Rhinehart & Wilson.
Mc Auliffe, E. (1996a). Closing Address. Conference on Poverty and III-health in Developing Countries: Learning from NGOs. WHO & Government of Ireland Co-sponsored Conference, Maynooth, Ireland, 12–14 June.
Mc Auliffe, E. (1996b). AIDS: The barriers to behavior change. In H. Grad, A. Blanco, & J. Georgas, (Eds.), Key issues in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 371–386). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Mc Auliffe, E. (1998). The consumer in health care. In E. Mc Auliffe & L. Joyce, (Eds.), A healthier future? Key issues in health services management. Dublin, Ireland: Institute of Public Administration.
Machlup, F. (1962). The production and distribution of knowledge in the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
MacLachlan, M. (1993). Sustaining human resource development in Africa: The influence of expatriates. Management Education and Development, 24, 153–157.
MacLachlan, M. (1996). From sustainable change to incremental improvement: The psychology of community rehabilitation. In S. C. Carr & J. F. Schumaker (Eds.), Psychology and the developing world (pp. 26–37). Westport, CT: Praeger.
MacLachlan, M. (1997). Culture and health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
MacLachlan, M. (Ed.). (2001). Cultivating health: Cultural perspectives on promoting health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
MacLachlan, M. (in press). Culture, empowerment and health. In M. Murray (Ed.), Critical health psychology. London: Palgrave.
MacLachlan, M., & Carr, S. C. (1994). Pathways to a psychology for development: reconstituting, restating, refuting and realizing. Psychology and Developing Societies, 6(1), 21–28.
MacLachlan, M., & Mc Auliffe, E. (1993). Critical incidents for psychology students in a refugee camp: Implications for Counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 6(1), 3–11.
Moghaddam, F. M. (1990). Modulative and generative orientations in psychology: Implications for psychology in the three worlds. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 21–41.
Malatu, M. S., & Berry, J. W. (2001). Cultivating health through multiculturalism. In M. MacLachlan (Ed.), Cultivating health: Cultural perspectives on promoting health. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Murray, M., Nelson, G., Poland, B, Matycka-Tyndale, Ferris, L., Cammeron, R., & Prkachin, K. (2001). Training in community health psychology. Report to Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
O’Dwyer, T., & Woodhouse, T. (1996). The motivations of Irish “Third World” development workers. Irish Journal of Psychology, 17, 23–34.
Pearce, F. (1996). Squatter take control. New Scientist, 1 June, 38–42.
Porter, D., Allen, B. & Thompson, G. (1991). Development in practice: Paved with good intentions. London: Routledge.
Rappaport, J., & Seidman, E. (2000). Handbook of community psychology. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Raymond-McKay, M., & MacLachlan, M. (2000). Critical incidents for emergency relief workers. Development in Practice, 10(5), 674–686.
Schiffman, H. R. (1982). Sensation and perception. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Thomas, A. (1996). What is development management? Journal of International Development, 8, 95–110.
Turner, M. & Hulme, D. (1997). Governance, Administration and Development: Making the State Work. London: Macmillan.
Wapenhans, W. (1993). Effective implementation: Key to development impact. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Weick, K. E. (1984). Small wins: Redefining the scale of social problems. American Psychologist, 39, 40–49.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
MacLachlan, M., Auliffe, E.M. (2003). Poverty and Process Skills. In: Carr, S.C., Sloan, T.S. (eds) Poverty and Psychology. International and Cultural Psychology Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0029-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0029-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4891-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0029-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive