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Intraoperative and Laparoscopic Ultrasound During Liver Surgery

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Abdominal Ultrasound for Surgeons

Abstract

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) was used primarily in 1960 to localize renal calculi during surgery for nephrolithotomy (Schlegel et al., J Urol 86:367–369, 1961). The first application of IOUS in hepatobiliary surgery was described by Yamakawa in 1951 to detect cholelithiasis using A-mode ultrasound (Yamakawa et al., Jpn J Gastroenterol 55:741, 1958). With the progress in ultrasound technology and the refinement of instruments, by the mid-1970s, real-time two-dimensional B-mode imaging systems became available. In 1977, Makuuchi was the first to use an electronic linear array (2.5- and 3.5-MHz transducers) for IOUS examination of the liver and pancreas (Makuuchi et al., Ultrasonic examination by electronic scanning during operation. Proceedings of the 32nd meeting of the Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine. 1977. p. 129–130). Since then, IOUS of the liver has become an essential tool for hepatobiliary surgery and is essential in planning surgical strategies. Current applications of intraoperative ultrasound include assessment of tumor(s) and vascular involvement in addition to guidance of hepatic resection, whole or split-liver transplantation, and tumor ablation. Traditional ultrasound does not provide information about tumor vascularity and tissue microcirculation; however, contrast agents are becoming available to allow this evaluation (Takigawa et al., Ultrasound Med Biol 27:151–156, 2001; Yamada et al., World J Surg 25:1129–1133, 2001).

The purpose of this chapter is to explain how to perform IOUS of the liver. Normal anatomy and anatomic variations, typical features of hepatic tumors, and the different applications of IOUS will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-biliaire, 12-14 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, 94800, France

    Gabriella Pittau MD, Michele Tedeschi MD & Denis Castaing MD

  2. University Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France

    Denis Castaing MD

  3. Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France

    Denis Castaing MD

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  1. Gabriella Pittau MD
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  2. Michele Tedeschi MD
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Correspondence to Gabriella Pittau MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, New Jersey, USA

    Ellen J. Hagopian

  2. Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    Junji Machi

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Pittau, G., Tedeschi, M., Castaing, D. (2014). Intraoperative and Laparoscopic Ultrasound During Liver Surgery. In: Hagopian, E., Machi, J. (eds) Abdominal Ultrasound for Surgeons. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9599-4_15

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