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Adult Prostate Stem Cells

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Book cover Adult Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

The susceptibility of the prostate to benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer has prompted research into normal prostate stem cells in order to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. Yet, it can be challenging to study prostate stem cells because the prostate is a slow cycling tissue. In this chapter, we compare the assays used to study prostate stem cells including castration, lineage tracing and tissue recombination and discuss how they may influence the phenotype of stem cells. We also review the location and characteristics of prostate stem cells. In particular, we focus on the evidence for basal and luminal stem cells, the role of intermediate cells as transit amplifying cells and the relationship of neuroendocrine cells to the other epithelial cell types.

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Abbreviations

2D, 3D:

Two dimensional, three dimensional

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

AR:

Androgen receptor

BCL2:

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2

BMI1:

BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene

BrdU:

Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)

CARN:

Castrate-resistant NKX3.1-expressing cell

CD44, etc.:

Cluster of differentiation 44, etc.

CDKN1B:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27 Kip1)

CGA:

Chromogranin A

COX:

Cytochrome c oxidase

ERG:

v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog

FGF10:

Fibroblast growth factor 10

FOXA2:

Forkhead box a2

GSTP1:

Glutathione S-transferase pi 1

HMWK:

High-molecular weight keratin

HMGA2:

High-mobility group AT-hook 2

K8, etc.:

Keratin 8, etc.

Ki67:

Antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67

Lin:

Lineage expression of haematopoietic markers (CD31, CD45, Ter119)

LSC:

Lin−Sca-1+CD49f+

LSCT:

Lin−Sca-1+CD49fhiTrop2hi

NKX3.1:

NK3 homeobox 1

p63:

Tumour protein p63 TP63

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

Sca-1:

Stem cell antigen-1

UGE:

Urogenital epithelium

UGM:

Urogenital mesenchyme

UGS:

Urogenital sinus

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge John Pedersen (TissuPath Pathology) and the Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource for human prostate tissue. M.G.L, C.E.G. and G.P.R. hold fellowships from the National Health and Medical Research Council (1035721, 1042298, 1002648). M.G.L. is also funded by a Movember Young Investigator Grant awarded through Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia’s Research Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Mitchell G. Lawrence, Roxanne Toivanen, Itsuhiro Takizawa & Gail P. Risbridger

  2. The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Caroline E. Gargett

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  1. Mitchell G. Lawrence
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  2. Roxanne Toivanen
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  3. Itsuhiro Takizawa
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  4. Caroline E. Gargett
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  5. Gail P. Risbridger
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Correspondence to Gail P. Risbridger .

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  1. Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Lawrence, M.G., Toivanen, R., Takizawa, I., Gargett, C.E., Risbridger, G.P. (2014). Adult Prostate Stem Cells. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Adult Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9569-7_11

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