Abstract
The power systems of the future are expected to rely more and more on small-scale generation sources, flexible loads, and storage units at the distribution level as a way to increase the share of renewable energy in the electricity supply, while ensuring the security, reliability, and integrity of the electrical infrastructure. Owing to their reduced size, number, varied nature, and dispersed character, distributed energy sources are to be operated in aggregations or clusters, which have come to be called Virtual Power Plants (VPP). This chapter first introduces and motivates the concept of a VPP, then provides the basics on the mathematical modeling of its constituent parts, and finally explores, using a battery of illustrative examples, different approaches to efficiently running a VPP that includes weather-driven renewable energy sources.
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Morales, J., Conejo, A., Madsen, H., Pinson, P., Zugno, M. (2014). Virtual Power Plants . In: Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 205. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9411-9_8
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