Abstract
Personal peace is a construct that can be approached from multiple perspectives. This chapter attempts to examine personal peacefulness as it is connected to human needs, emotions, and the practice of mindfulness. We examine these phenomena as they are experienced by the individual and also how individuals impact and are impacted by the larger social contexts in which they live. We examine the theoretical frameworks of these elements to personal peacefulness and then offer a case study to further explore their manifestation in real world examples. We present a case where members of Jewish Israeli and Palestinian community members spend time at mindfulness retreats to be together, explore the conflict in their region, and develop actions and interventions for peace. While the purpose of this chapter is to examine these constructs as they relate to personal peacefulness, we make a clear case that these processes cannot happen in isolation of larger initiatives toward structural peacebuilding.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adwan, S., Bar-On, D., & Naveh, E. (2012). Side by side: Parallel histories of Israel-Palestine. New York: The New Press.
Allred, K. (2000). Anger and retaliation in conflict. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), Handbook of conflict resolution (pp. 236–255). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ashmore, R., Jussim, L., & Wilder, D. (Eds.). (2001). Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Avruch, K. & Black, P. (1991). The culture question and conflict resolution. Peace and Change, 16(1), 22–45.
Avruch, K. (1998). Culture and Conflict Resolution. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press
Baron, R. (2008). Reconciliation, trust, and cooperation: Using bottom-up and top-down strategies to achieve peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy & J. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 275–300). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bar-Tal, D. (1994). Understanding psychological bases of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Tel Aviv: International Center for Peace in the Middle East.
Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York: Basic Books.
Boyce, B. (2011). The mindfulness revolution: Leading psychologists, scientists, artists and meditation teachers on the power of mindfulness in daily life. Boston: Shambala.
Bowling, D., & Hoffman, D. (2003). Bringing peace into the room: How the personal qualities of the mediator impact the process of conflict resolution. San Francisco: Wiley.
Brantley, J. (2007). Calming your anxious mind: How mindfulness & compassion can free you from anxiety, fear and panic. Oakland: New Harbinger.
Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent and lead. New York: Gotham Books.
Brown, W., & Ryan, R. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.
Burrowes, R. (1996). The strategy of nonviolent defense (pp. 49–62). New York: State University of New York Press.
Burton, J. (1990a). Conflict: Resolution and prevention. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Burton, J. (Ed.). (1990b). Conflict: Human needs theory. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Christie, D. (1997). Reducing direct and structural violence: The human needs theory. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 3, 315–322.
Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/dchristie/Peace%20 Psychology%20Book.html. Accessed 22 Jan 2008
Christie, D., Tint, B., Wagner, D., & Winter, D. (2008). Peace psychology for a peaceful world. American Psychologist, 63, 540–552.
Chodron, P. (1997). When things fall apart. Boston: Shambhala.
Cohen, A. (2007). Towards a holistic model of conflict resolution: From Israelis and Palestinians to our relationship with animals. http://www.azrielcohen.com/uploads/TowardsHolisticModelConflictRes.pdf 05/21/13
Coleman, P. (2000). Intractable conflict. In M. Deutsch & P. T. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 428–450). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Coleman, P. (2003). Characteristics of protracted, intractable conflict: Towards the development of a meta-framework—I. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 9, 1–37.
Davidson, R., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkran, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570.
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 376–379.
Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York: Times Books.
Ekman, P. (2008). Emotional awareness: Overcoming the obstacles to psychological balance and compassion. New York: Times Books.
Fisher, R. J. (1990). Needs theory, social identity and an eclectic model of conflict. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 89–114). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Fisher, R., & Shapiro, D. (2005). Beyond reason: Using emotions as you negotiate. New York: Penguin Books.
Fisher-Yoshida, B. (1999). To emote or not to emote: A relationship between emotions, culture and conflict. The SIETAR International Journal, 12, 43–54.
Galtung, J. (1975). Three approaches to peace: Peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding. In J. Galtung (Ed.), Peace, war and defense—Essays in peace research (Vol. 2, pp. 282–304). Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers.
Galtung, J. (1980). The basic needs approach. In K. Lederer, J. Galtung & D. Antal (Eds.), Human needs: A contribution to the current debate (pp. 55–125). Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain.
Galtung, J. (1990). International development in human perspective. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 301–335). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Glassman, B., & Fields, R. (1996). Instructions to the cook: A Zen master’s lessons in living a life that matters. New York: Bell Tower.
Goldstein, J., & Kornfield, J. (1987). Seeking the heart of wisdom. Boston: Shambhala.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books.
Greenspan, M. (2003). Healing through the dark emotions: The wisdom of grief, fear and despair. Boston: Shambhala.
Grossman, P. Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.
Halperin, E., Oren, N., & Bar-Tal, D. (2010). Socio-psychological barriers to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: An analysis of Jewish Israeli society. In Y. Bar-Siman-Tov (Ed.), Barriers to peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (pp. 28–57). Jerusalem: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K., Pbert, L., Linderking, W., & Santorelli, S. F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.
Kelman, H. C. (1990). Applying a human needs perspective to the practice of conflict resolution: The Israeli-Palestinian case. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 283–300). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Kelman, H. C. (1997). Group processes in the resolution of international conflicts: Experiences from the Israeli-Palestinian case. American Psychologist, 52, 212–220.
Kelman, H. C. (1998). Social psychological contributions to peacemaking and peacebuilding in the Middle East. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 47(1), 5–28.
Kelman, H. C. (2001). The role of national identity in conflict resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian problem-solving workshops. In R. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (pp. 187–212). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kelman, H. C., & Rouhana, N. N. (1999). Introduction to joint working group on Israeli-Palestinian relations document: General principles for the final Israeli-Palestinian agreement. The Middle East Journal, 53(1), 170–175.
Kriesberg, L. (2005). Nature, dynamics, and phases of intractability. In C. A. Crocker, F. O. Hampson & P. Aall (Eds.), Grasping the nettle: Analyzing cases of intractable conflict (pp. 65–98). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Lacey, D. (2011). The role of humiliation in the Palestinian/Israeli conflict in Gaza. In Psychology & Society, 4(1), 76–92.
Lederer, K., Galtung, J., & Antal, D. (1980). Human needs: A contribution to the current debate. Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain.
Malkin, J. (2003). In engaged Buddhism, peace begins with you. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=1579Itemid=0 05/28/13
Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.
Maslow, A. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton: Van Nostrand.
Mason, R. (2003). Does Buddhist hold Mideast peace key?. http://www.jewishjournal.com/travel/article/does_buddhist_hold_mideast_peace_key_20031205 05/21/13
McCann, I., & Pearlman, L. (1990). Psychological trauma and the adult survivor: Theory, therapy and transformation. New York: Brunner Mazel.
Miller, J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 192–200.
Miron, A., & Branscombe, N. (2008). Social categorization, Standards of justice and collective guilt. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy & J. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 77–96). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Montville, J. (1993). The healing function in political conflict Resolution. In D. Sandole & H. van der Merwe (Eds.), Conflict resolution theory and practice: Integration and application (pp. 112–128). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Montville, J. (2001). Justice and the burdens of history. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice, and coexistence. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Morgenthau, H. (1985). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nadler, A., & Shnabel, N. (2008). Instrumental and socioemotional paths to intergroup reconciliation and the needs-based model of socioemotional reconciliation. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy., & J. Fisher (Eds.), The Social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 37–56). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nair, N. (2008). Towards understanding the role of emotions in conflict: A review and future directions. International Journal of Conflict Management, 19(4), 359–381.
Neal, A. G. (1998). National trauma and collective memory. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Nhat Hanh, T. (1987). Being peace. Berkeley: Parallax.
Nhat Hanh, T. (1992). Peace is every step. New York: Bantam.
Nhat Hanh, T. (1998). Interbeing: Fourteen guidelines for engaged Buddhism. Berkeley: Parallax.
Nhat Hahn, T. (2001). Anger: Wisdom for cooling the flames. New York: Riverhead Books.
Nhat Hanh, T. (2004). Peace begins here. Berkeley: Parallax.
Nhat Hahn, T. (2012). Fear: Essential wisdom for getting through the storm. New York: HarperCollins.
Northrup, T. (1989). The dynamic of identity in personal and social conflict. In L. Kriesberg, T. Northrup, & S. Thorson (Eds.), Intractable conflicts and their transformation (pp. 55–82). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press
Opotow, S. (2000). Aggression and violence. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), Handbook of conflict resolution (pp. 403–427). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Peterson, J. (2006). Anger, safety, and boundaries. Gabriola Island: The Haven Institute Press.
Pratto, F., & Glasford, D. (2008). How needs can motivate intergroup reconciliation in the face of intergroup conflict. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy., & j. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 117–144). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Retzinger, S., & Scheff, T. (2000). Emotion, alienation and narratives: Resolving intractable conflict. Mediation Quarterly, 18(1), 71–85.
Ricard, M. (2010). Why meditate: Working with thoughts and emotion. California: Hay House.
Rothman, J. (1997). Resolving identity based conflict in nations, organizations and communities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rubenstein, R. (2001). Basic human needs: The next steps in theory development. International Journal of Peace Studies, 6(1).
Sharqwi, S. (2008). Crying from happiness: Liberating occupied minds with mindfulness. Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, 6(3), 81–86.
Siegel, D. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection and attunement in the cultivation of well-being. New York: W.W. Norton.
Staub, E. (2003). The psychology of good and evil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Suleiman, R. (2000). Jewish-Palestinian relations in Israel: The planned encounter as microcosm. In R. Halabi (Ed.), Israeli and Palestinian identities in dialogue (pp. 31–46). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Tint, B. (2010). History, memory and conflict resolution: Research and application. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 27(4), 369–399.
Vayrynen, T. (2010). Culture and international conflict resolution: A critical analysis of the works of John Burton. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Wilmot, W., & Hocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal conflict. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tint, B., Zinkin, M. (2014). Engaging Personal Peace: Micro and Macro Facets of Needs, Emotions and Mindfulness. In: Sims, G., Nelson, L., Puopolo, M. (eds) Personal Peacefulness. Peace Psychology Book Series, vol 20. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9366-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9366-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9365-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9366-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)