Skip to main content

Engaging Personal Peace: Micro and Macro Facets of Needs, Emotions and Mindfulness

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Personal Peacefulness

Part of the book series: Peace Psychology Book Series ((PPBS,volume 20))

Abstract

Personal peace is a construct that can be approached from multiple perspectives. This chapter attempts to examine personal peacefulness as it is connected to human needs, emotions, and the practice of mindfulness. We examine these phenomena as they are experienced by the individual and also how individuals impact and are impacted by the larger social contexts in which they live. We examine the theoretical frameworks of these elements to personal peacefulness and then offer a case study to further explore their manifestation in real world examples. We present a case where members of Jewish Israeli and Palestinian community members spend time at mindfulness retreats to be together, explore the conflict in their region, and develop actions and interventions for peace. While the purpose of this chapter is to examine these constructs as they relate to personal peacefulness, we make a clear case that these processes cannot happen in isolation of larger initiatives toward structural peacebuilding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adwan, S., Bar-On, D., & Naveh, E. (2012). Side by side: Parallel histories of Israel-Palestine. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allred, K. (2000). Anger and retaliation in conflict. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), Handbook of conflict resolution (pp. 236–255). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore, R., Jussim, L., & Wilder, D. (Eds.). (2001). Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avruch, K. & Black, P. (1991). The culture question and conflict resolution. Peace and Change, 16(1), 22–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avruch, K. (1998). Culture and Conflict Resolution. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. (2008). Reconciliation, trust, and cooperation: Using bottom-up and top-down strategies to achieve peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy & J. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 275–300). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Tal, D. (1994). Understanding psychological bases of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Tel Aviv: International Center for Peace in the Middle East.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, B. (2011). The mindfulness revolution: Leading psychologists, scientists, artists and meditation teachers on the power of mindfulness in daily life. Boston: Shambala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowling, D., & Hoffman, D. (2003). Bringing peace into the room: How the personal qualities of the mediator impact the process of conflict resolution. San Francisco: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantley, J. (2007). Calming your anxious mind: How mindfulness & compassion can free you from anxiety, fear and panic. Oakland: New Harbinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent and lead. New York: Gotham Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W., & Ryan, R. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burrowes, R. (1996). The strategy of nonviolent defense (pp. 49–62). New York: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, J. (1990a). Conflict: Resolution and prevention. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, J. (Ed.). (1990b). Conflict: Human needs theory. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, D. (1997). Reducing direct and structural violence: The human needs theory. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 3, 315–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/dchristie/Peace%20 Psychology%20Book.html. Accessed 22 Jan 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, D., Tint, B., Wagner, D., & Winter, D. (2008). Peace psychology for a peaceful world. American Psychologist, 63, 540–552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chodron, P. (1997). When things fall apart. Boston: Shambhala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A. (2007). Towards a holistic model of conflict resolution: From Israelis and Palestinians to our relationship with animals. http://www.azrielcohen.com/uploads/TowardsHolisticModelConflictRes.pdf 05/21/13

  • Coleman, P. (2000). Intractable conflict. In M. Deutsch & P. T. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 428–450). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, P. (2003). Characteristics of protracted, intractable conflict: Towards the development of a meta-framework—I. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 9, 1–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, R., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkran, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 376–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York: Times Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (2008). Emotional awareness: Overcoming the obstacles to psychological balance and compassion. New York: Times Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. J. (1990). Needs theory, social identity and an eclectic model of conflict. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 89–114). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R., & Shapiro, D. (2005). Beyond reason: Using emotions as you negotiate. New York: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Yoshida, B. (1999). To emote or not to emote: A relationship between emotions, culture and conflict. The SIETAR International Journal, 12, 43–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1975). Three approaches to peace: Peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding. In J. Galtung (Ed.), Peace, war and defense—Essays in peace research (Vol. 2, pp. 282–304). Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1980). The basic needs approach. In K. Lederer, J. Galtung & D. Antal (Eds.), Human needs: A contribution to the current debate (pp. 55–125). Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1990). International development in human perspective. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 301–335). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, B., & Fields, R. (1996). Instructions to the cook: A Zen master’s lessons in living a life that matters. New York: Bell Tower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J., & Kornfield, J. (1987). Seeking the heart of wisdom. Boston: Shambhala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenspan, M. (2003). Healing through the dark emotions: The wisdom of grief, fear and despair. Boston: Shambhala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, P. Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halperin, E., Oren, N., & Bar-Tal, D. (2010). Socio-psychological barriers to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: An analysis of Jewish Israeli society. In Y. Bar-Siman-Tov (Ed.), Barriers to peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (pp. 28–57). Jerusalem: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K., Pbert, L., Linderking, W., & Santorelli, S. F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C. (1990). Applying a human needs perspective to the practice of conflict resolution: The Israeli-Palestinian case. In J. Burton (Ed.), Conflict: Human needs theory (pp. 283–300). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C. (1997). Group processes in the resolution of international conflicts: Experiences from the Israeli-Palestinian case. American Psychologist, 52, 212–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C. (1998). Social psychological contributions to peacemaking and peacebuilding in the Middle East. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 47(1), 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C. (2001). The role of national identity in conflict resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian problem-solving workshops. In R. D. Ashmore, L. Jussim & D. Wilder (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (pp. 187–212). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C., & Rouhana, N. N. (1999). Introduction to joint working group on Israeli-Palestinian relations document: General principles for the final Israeli-Palestinian agreement. The Middle East Journal, 53(1), 170–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kriesberg, L. (2005). Nature, dynamics, and phases of intractability. In C. A. Crocker, F. O. Hampson & P. Aall (Eds.), Grasping the nettle: Analyzing cases of intractable conflict (pp. 65–98). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey, D. (2011). The role of humiliation in the Palestinian/Israeli conflict in Gaza. In Psychology & Society, 4(1), 76–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederer, K., Galtung, J., & Antal, D. (1980). Human needs: A contribution to the current debate. Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, J. (2003). In engaged Buddhism, peace begins with you. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=1579Itemid=0 05/28/13

  • Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton: Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, R. (2003). Does Buddhist hold Mideast peace key?. http://www.jewishjournal.com/travel/article/does_buddhist_hold_mideast_peace_key_20031205 05/21/13

  • McCann, I., & Pearlman, L. (1990). Psychological trauma and the adult survivor: Theory, therapy and transformation. New York: Brunner Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 192–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miron, A., & Branscombe, N. (2008). Social categorization, Standards of justice and collective guilt. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy & J. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 77–96). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montville, J. (1993). The healing function in political conflict Resolution. In D. Sandole & H. van der Merwe (Eds.), Conflict resolution theory and practice: Integration and application (pp. 112–128). Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montville, J. (2001). Justice and the burdens of history. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice, and coexistence. Lanham: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenthau, H. (1985). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadler, A., & Shnabel, N. (2008). Instrumental and socioemotional paths to intergroup reconciliation and the needs-based model of socioemotional reconciliation. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy., & J. Fisher (Eds.), The Social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 37–56). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair, N. (2008). Towards understanding the role of emotions in conflict: A review and future directions. International Journal of Conflict Management, 19(4), 359–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, A. G. (1998). National trauma and collective memory. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hanh, T. (1987). Being peace. Berkeley: Parallax.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hanh, T. (1992). Peace is every step. New York: Bantam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hanh, T. (1998). Interbeing: Fourteen guidelines for engaged Buddhism. Berkeley: Parallax.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hahn, T. (2001). Anger: Wisdom for cooling the flames. New York: Riverhead Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hanh, T. (2004). Peace begins here. Berkeley: Parallax.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhat Hahn, T. (2012). Fear: Essential wisdom for getting through the storm. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northrup, T. (1989). The dynamic of identity in personal and social conflict. In L. Kriesberg, T. Northrup, & S. Thorson (Eds.), Intractable conflicts and their transformation (pp. 55–82). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Opotow, S. (2000). Aggression and violence. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), Handbook of conflict resolution (pp. 403–427). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, J. (2006). Anger, safety, and boundaries. Gabriola Island: The Haven Institute Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratto, F., & Glasford, D. (2008). How needs can motivate intergroup reconciliation in the face of intergroup conflict. In A. Nadler, T. Malloy., & j. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 117–144). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Retzinger, S., & Scheff, T. (2000). Emotion, alienation and narratives: Resolving intractable conflict. Mediation Quarterly, 18(1), 71–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricard, M. (2010). Why meditate: Working with thoughts and emotion. California: Hay House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothman, J. (1997). Resolving identity based conflict in nations, organizations and communities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubenstein, R. (2001). Basic human needs: The next steps in theory development. International Journal of Peace Studies, 6(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharqwi, S. (2008). Crying from happiness: Liberating occupied minds with mindfulness. Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, 6(3), 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection and attunement in the cultivation of well-being. New York: W.W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staub, E. (2003). The psychology of good and evil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suleiman, R. (2000). Jewish-Palestinian relations in Israel: The planned encounter as microcosm. In R. Halabi (Ed.), Israeli and Palestinian identities in dialogue (pp. 31–46). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tint, B. (2010). History, memory and conflict resolution: Research and application. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 27(4), 369–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vayrynen, T. (2010). Culture and international conflict resolution: A critical analysis of the works of John Burton. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilmot, W., & Hocker, J. (2011). Interpersonal conflict. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara Tint PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tint, B., Zinkin, M. (2014). Engaging Personal Peace: Micro and Macro Facets of Needs, Emotions and Mindfulness. In: Sims, G., Nelson, L., Puopolo, M. (eds) Personal Peacefulness. Peace Psychology Book Series, vol 20. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9366-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics