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Cultural Psychology of Coping with Disasters pp 45–83Cite as

Understandings of Coping: A Critical Review of Coping Theories for Disaster Contexts

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Abstract

This chapter addresses the behavior, thoughts, experiences, and feelings of individuals who have been exposed to strain and stress. First, we introduce the many different approaches associated with both psychological and broader social science-based understandings of coping. We then analyze the extent to which these approaches can be applied in a disaster-related context. In the first part of this chapter, we examine the person-centered coping models that dominate stress research in mainstream psychological approaches. These models are similar to the goal-based models of human nature in which the basic motivation of human beings is to move toward goals while avoiding threats. Depending on the model in question, the main focus lies either in the cognitive processes of appraisal and emotion regulation, attribution of meaning, and religious forms of coping or on the conceptualization as a mental health problem. In contrast, resource-oriented coping theories emphasize the social and material contexts of stress processes. Social contexts and interactions are also more central to the field of community psychology and in the research on social support. Sociology and related social sciences have even broader models in which community coping and resilience of communities are studied as a social or collective process. When considering community resilience, or the application of social capital or local knowledge, the coping resources of larger social units are of primary importance, as collective meanings, emotions, and agency come to the fore.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For example, a man may be proud that he has coped successfully by fulfilling the social expectations of a man or as the head of a household. Another man may feel a sense of shame with respect to his male identity because of ongoing fear or difficulty managing extreme emotions (Tracy and Robins 2004).

  2. 2.

    It is important to note that the actual amount of support received as determined by the investigation is a value provided by the respondent, not an objectively determined quantity.

  3. 3.

    The work of Kimerling et al. (2002) provides a solid overview of the existing empirical studies in the area of gender and PTSD. However, it falls short of producing an integrated conceptual framework and there are no explanatory models or clinical recommendations. In general, PTSD and trauma research is limited with regard to gender-related topics, both on a conceptual level as well as on an empirical level (see Simmons 2007).

  4. 4.

    Empirical studies in the area of problem-focused coping have yielded contradictory findings. In some studies, men show a higher level of problem-focused coping (Folkman and Lazarus 1980), while, in other studies, this form of coping is more common in women (Vitaliano et al. 1985). Further studies showed no differences between the genders (Rosario et al. 1988; Tamres et al. 2002; Zeidner 2006).

  5. 5.

    Translation from German by Devin Martini.

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Acknowledgment

The editors would like to thank Devin Martini for assistance with editing and translating parts of this chapter from German into English.

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  1. International Academy for Innovative Pedagogy, Psychology and Economics gGmbH at Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    Manfred Zaumseil & Silke Schwarz

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  1. Manfred Zaumseil
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  2. Silke Schwarz
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Correspondence to Manfred Zaumseil .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Academy for Innovative Pedagogy, Psychology and Economics gGmbH at Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Manfred Zaumseil

  2. International Academy for Innovative Pedagogy, Psychology and Economics gGmbH at Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Silke Schwarz

  3. Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Mechthild von Vacano

  4. Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, United Kingdom

    Gavin Brent Sullivan

  5. Center for Research and Community Service, Christian University of Krida Wacana (UKRIDA), Jakarta Barat, Indonesia

    Johana E. Prawitasari-Hadiyono

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Zaumseil, M., Schwarz, S. (2014). Understandings of Coping: A Critical Review of Coping Theories for Disaster Contexts. In: Zaumseil, M., Schwarz, S., von Vacano, M., Sullivan, G., Prawitasari-Hadiyono, J. (eds) Cultural Psychology of Coping with Disasters. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9354-9_2

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