Abstract
The mandated increase in bioenergy as a means to decarbonise our energy supply, enhance energy security, and promote rural development has raised concerns regarding the impacts biomass feedstock production may have on food security.These national mandates appear to have placed bioenergy feedstock production in competition for resources required to feed a growing global population.
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Notes
- 1.
Conventional biofuels are produced through the fermentation of sugars or starches to bioethanol from commodity crops such as sugarcane, maize, wheat, and beet, or through the methyl esterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel from palm, soy or oilseed rape.
- 2.
The IEA’s Current Policies Scenario (previously called the Reference Scenario) assumes no changes in energy and GHG emission reduction policies (IEA 2010).
- 3.
mb/d = million barrels/day (1 barrel = 159 litres).
- 4.
Ktoe = kilo tonnes of oil equivalent (1 ktoe EtOH = 1.978 million litres, 1 ktoe biodiesel = 1.32 million litres).
- 5.
Mtoe = million tonnes of oil equivalent (1 Mtoe = 41.9 PJ).
- 6.
Traditional biomass includes wood, charcoal, crop residues and animal dung and is mainly used for heating and cooking (IPCC 2011).
- 7.
The New Policies scenario is IEA’s central scenario and takes into account the cautious implementation of broad policy commitments and plans to address energy and GHG emission reduction challenges (IEA 2012).
- 8.
Modern bioenergy is utilised at higher efficiencies than traditional biomass and includes liquids and gases as secondary energy carriers to generate heat, electricity, combined heat and power (CHP), and transport fuels (IPCC 2011).
- 9.
CAGR: Compounded annual growth rate.
- 10.
odt = oven dry tonne.
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Woods, J., Kalas, N. (2014). Can Energy Policy Drive Sustainable Land Use? Lessons from Biofuels Policy Development Over the Last Decade. In: McCann, M., Buckeridge, M., Carpita, N. (eds) Plants and BioEnergy. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9329-7_2
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