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Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience pp 27–63Cite as

Liposomes

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Abstract

Lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes have been at the forefront of drug delivery science since their discovery in the 1960s. Although liposomes were used initially as model membrane systems, creative scientists quickly saw the potential for liposomes as drug carriers. Since then, liposomes have been used as small-scale carrier systems capable of delivering low molecular weight drugs as well as large proteins and even therapeutic nucleic acid sequences. These formulations can be designed to passively target areas of disease. Additionally, lipid composition may be used to control when and where a liposome-associated therapeutic agent is released. In this chapter, the general makeup of lipid carriers, the manufacturing processes used to generate them, important physical characteristics, and their behavior in vivo are discussed. Examples of biomedical applications are given, including a review of some liposomal drug formulations that have already been approved for clinical use.

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Abbreviations

AAT:

Alpha-1antitrypsin

ASON:

Antisense oligonucleotides

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

CFTR:

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

DDS:

Drug delivery system

dLOS:

Deacylated lipooligosaccharide

DOPC:

1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

DOPE:

1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

DOTAP:

1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium- propane (chloride salt)

DOTMA:

N-[1-(2, 3-dioleyloyx) propyl]-N-N-N-trimethyl ammonia chloride

DPPC:

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

DSPC:

Distearoylphosphatidylcholine

EM:

Electron microscopy

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

GC:

Glucocorticoid

HAV:

Hepatitis A virus

hdls:

High-density lipoproteins

i.v.:

An intravenous

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

LUV:

Large unilamellar vesicle

MHCII:

Major histocompatibility complex class II

MLV:

Multilaminar vesicles

MPS:

Mononuclear phagocytic system

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OMP:

Purified outer membrane proteins

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PKN3:

Protein kinase N3

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

SAXS:

Small angle X-ray scattering

SDBS:

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

siRNA:

Small interfering ribonucleic acids

SUV:

Small unilamellar vesicle

T c :

Transition temperature

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Department of Health Science, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Jessica Kalra

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Jessica Kalra & Marcel B. Bally

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Marcel B. Bally

  4. Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Marcel B. Bally

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  1. Jessica Kalra
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Correspondence to Jessica Kalra .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Ijeoma F. Uchegbu

  2. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Andreas G. Schätzlein

  3. Bexleyheath, United Kingdom

    Woei Ping Cheng

  4. School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

    Aikaterini Lalatsa

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Kalra, J., Bally, M.B. (2013). Liposomes. In: Uchegbu, I., Schätzlein, A., Cheng, W., Lalatsa, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9164-4_3

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