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Anti-infectives

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Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience

Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are becoming a major health concern worldwide. Several serious diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus are caused by intracellular pathogens. Fatal systemic infection, e.g. invasive candidiasis, is caused by extracellular fungi. Delivery systems that can target these intracellular or extracellular pathogens can be effective in curing these diseases. Over the last 20 years, several nano-sized delivery systems have shown to be a potential tool for targeting drugs to the site of infection. There are many clinically used nanomedicines for the treatment of infectious diseases such as liposomes (e.g. AmBisome®) and protein-polymer conjugates (e.g. Intron® A). In addition numerous preclinical nano-delivery systems, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles, drug–polymer conjugates and complexes, dendrimers, lipid nanoparticles, cochleates and niosomes have been investigated for delivery of anti-infective agents. In this chapter, a description of these delivery systems, examples of infectious diseases and the rationale of using these delivery systems to treat certain infections will be discussed.

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Acknowledgments

AMA and SB are grateful for funding from NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Special Trustees, the Helen Hamlyn Trust (in memory of Paul Hamlyn), Fight for Sight and Freemasons Grand Charity. SB is also grateful for funding from the UK Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for the EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies. Financial support from the consortium of industrial and governmental users for the EPSRC Centre is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK

    Abeer H. A. Mohamed-Ahmed, Claire Ginn & Stephen Brocchini

  2. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and UCL Partners, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK

    Abeer H. A. Mohamed-Ahmed & Stephen Brocchini

  3. Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK

    Simon L. Croft

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  1. Abeer H. A. Mohamed-Ahmed
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Correspondence to Stephen Brocchini .

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  1. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Ijeoma F. Uchegbu

  2. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Andreas G. Schätzlein

  3. Bexleyheath, United Kingdom

    Woei Ping Cheng

  4. School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

    Aikaterini Lalatsa

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Mohamed-Ahmed, A.H.A., Ginn, C., Croft, S.L., Brocchini, S. (2013). Anti-infectives. In: Uchegbu, I., Schätzlein, A., Cheng, W., Lalatsa, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9164-4_16

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