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Neonatal Experimental White Matter Injury

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White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR,volume 4))

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Abstract

Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is a major clinical problem in newborn infants. Cerebral white matter injury associated with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is mostly found in full-term infants, whereas periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) mostly occurs in preterm infants. Clinical data suggest that both ischemia–reperfusion and infection–inflammation are important contributing factors. In order to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of PWMI and to explore potential therapeutic treatments of PWMI, numerous animal models of PWMI have been developed to mimic scenarios of a variety of insults during the past three decades. In recent years, incidence of focal necrotic type of PVL is declining, whereas diffuse cerebral WMI is emerging as the predominant lesion. Thus, development of animal models of PWMI also reflects this trend. This review is to summarize the existing animal models of neonatal WMI, emphasizing the recent developments and adaptations of these models. For obtaining new insights into the pathobiology of WMI, future more sophisticated and faithful animal models should more closely reproduce the spectrum of insults that appear to contribute to cerebral injury in human infants.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a NIH grant (NS54278).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA

    Zhengwei Cai Ph.D.

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  1. Zhengwei Cai Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Zhengwei Cai Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Selva Baltan

  2. Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    S. Thomas Carmichael

  3. Departamento de Neurociencias, Achucarro Basque Centger for Neuroscience, University del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), and Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain

    Carlos Matute

  4. University of Michigan Dept. Neurosurgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Guohua Xi

  5. Dept. Pharmacology Dept. Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Dept. Physiology, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H Zhang

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Cai, Z. (2014). Neonatal Experimental White Matter Injury. In: Baltan, S., Carmichael, S., Matute, C., Xi, G., Zhang, J. (eds) White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9123-1_7

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