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Role of Calpain in Immunobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Book cover Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 8))

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Abstract

Calpain is a Ca2+-dependent protease that significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of demyelinative and neurodegenerative diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies from our laboratory and other laboratories clearly indicate that calpain plays crucial roles in pro-inflammatory immune responses to perpetuate inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a demyelinative and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. Calpain mediates its pro-inflammatory roles with activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), promotion of synthesis of cytokines and chemokines, maintenance of Th1/Th2 imbalances, and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis in MS and EAE. Besides, calpain is known to take part in promoting activation of caspases for neurodegeneration in a wide range of diseases and injuries of the CNS. Recently, there is a great interest in developing water-soluble and cell-permeable small molecule inhibitors of calpain for treatment of MS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although exciting results are being reported showing efficacy of experimental calpain inhibitors in preclinical models, these inhibitors have not yet been successfully used for treatment of MS and other neurodegenerative diseases in humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Nicole Trager, Arabinda Das & Naren L. Banik

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Nicole Trager & Azizul Haque

  3. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA

    Swapan K. Ray

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  1. Nicole Trager
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  2. Azizul Haque
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  3. Swapan K. Ray
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  4. Arabinda Das
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  5. Naren L. Banik
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Correspondence to Naren L. Banik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Boniface Hosp. Research, Univ. of Ma Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

  2. Dept of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

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Trager, N., Haque, A., Ray, S.K., Das, A., Banik, N.L. (2014). Role of Calpain in Immunobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. In: Dhalla, N., Chakraborti, S. (eds) Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9099-9_1

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