Abstract
The incidence of anal cancer continues to increase in the United States. Women have historically been affected at higher rates than men, but the gap has lessened over the last 20 years. Identification of high-risk groups, a causative agent, and premalignant lesions has led some to suggest that anal cancer can be prevented. Key questions persist including the landmarks that define anal cancer; clarification of the definitions of AIN II–III versus HSIL, which patients with HSIL will develop anal cancer; and what treatment options best fit which at-risk group? As with most issues in medicine, evidence to substantiate our biases is thin and shifting, raising more questions than can be answered, and highlighting the need for continued conversation.
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Welton, M.L. (2014). Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN)/High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). In: Steele, S.R., Maykel, J.A., Champagne, B.J., Orangio, G.R. (eds) Complexities in Colorectal Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9022-7_22
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