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Development and Validation of Exposure Biomarkers to Dietary Contaminants Mycotoxins: A Case for Aflatoxin and Impaired Child Growth

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Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Predictions

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Statistics ((LNSP,volume 215))

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Abstract

Mycotoxins are toxic seco ndary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25% of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates for epidemiological studies; instead exposure biomarkers provide better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. Validated exposure biomarkers for aflatoxin (urinary aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin-N7-guanine, serum aflatoxin-albumin) were important in confirming aflatoxins as ‘Group 1’ liver carcinogens. For fumonisins and deoxynivalenol these steps for exposure biomarker development and validation have significantly advanced in recent years. Such biomarkers should better inform epidemiological studies and thus improve our understanding of their potential risk to human health. In West Africa it has been suggested that growth faltering in children is not fully explained by poor nutrition and infection. This review highlights some of the recently emerging epidemiology that strongly implicates a role for aflatoxins in this growth faltering, and suggests potential mechanisms. The use of aflatoxin exposure biomarkers were essential in understanding the observational data reviewed, and will likely be critically monitors of the effectiveness of interventions to restrict aflatoxin exposure.

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  1. Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Paul Craig Turner & Barbara Zappe Pasturel

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  1. Paul Craig Turner
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  2. Barbara Zappe Pasturel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Mei-Ling Ting Lee

  2. National Cancer Institute Div. Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Mitchell Gail

  3. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Ruth Pfeiffer

  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Glen Satten

  5. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Tianxi Cai

  6. Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Axel Gandy

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Turner, P.C., Pasturel, B.Z. (2013). Development and Validation of Exposure Biomarkers to Dietary Contaminants Mycotoxins: A Case for Aflatoxin and Impaired Child Growth. In: Lee, ML., Gail, M., Pfeiffer, R., Satten, G., Cai, T., Gandy, A. (eds) Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Predictions. Lecture Notes in Statistics, vol 215. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8981-8_16

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