Abstract
Histamine modulators, more commonly referred to as antihistamines, have been commonly used in the USA for over half a century. Many of the dangerous side effects of these medications have been minimized due to the development of more advanced formulations with the removal of the more dangerous medications from the US market by the FDA. Knowledge of the potential side effect profiles of the antihistamines is necessary for any provider who is either prescribing or administering these medications. Those negative side effect profiles include the effects on the cardiac system and the central nervous system. In addition, providers must know the effects that occur with the extremes of age and during pregnancy. Potential metabolic effects are also important aspects that must be considered when dealing with antihistamines. Remarkably, only one of the antihistamines has been assigned a boxed warning by the FDA.
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Chemical Structures
Chemical Structure 22.1
Chlorphenamine
Chemical Structure 22.2
Hydroxyzine
Chemical Structure 22.3
Promethazine
Chemical Structure 22.4
Cimetidine
Chemical Structure 22.5
Ranitidine
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Yarborough, M., Johnson, J.G. (2015). Histamine Modulators. In: Kaye, A., Kaye, A., Urman, R. (eds) Essentials of Pharmacology for Anesthesia, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8948-1_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8948-1_22
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