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The Pulmonary Manifestations of Sarcoidosis

  • Marcel VeltkampEmail author
  • Jan C. Grutters
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Part of the Respiratory Medicine book series (RM, volume 17)

Abstract

The pulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis has a great variability and is notorious for mimicking many other interstitial lung diseases. Knowledge of pulmonary manifestations is important in diagnosing saroidosis because thoracic involvement is present in over 90 % of patients. In this chapter, classical findings on chest X-ray and HRCT are described as well as multiple uncommon findings in radiology. The most common findings are bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, reticulonodular pattern, perilymphatic distribution of nodules, and predominant upper- and middle lobe parenchymal abnormalities. Uncommon findings are unilateral lymphadenopathy, reticular pattern, excessive ground glass opacities, pleural disease, solitary mass, and predominant lower lobe parenchymal abnormalities. Furthermore, the appearance of pulmonary hypertension and necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis will be described. Finally, imaging of pulmonary sarcoidosis with positron emission tomography with 18F-Fluordeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) will be discussed.

Keywords

Sarcoidosis Intrathoracic manifestations Lymphadenopathy Parenchymal involvement Pulmonary fibrosis Chest X-ray HRCT PET 

Abbreviations

BHL

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

COP

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

HRCT

High resolution computed tomography

LIP

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

NSG

Necrotizing sarcoid angiitis and granulomatosis

PET

Positron emission tomography

SPL

Secondary pulmonary lobule

SURT

Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract

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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of PulmonologySt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
  2. 2.Center of Interstitial Lung DiseasesSt. Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
  3. 3.Division Heart & LungsUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands

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