Abstract
This chapter looks at sport development in Canada in terms of how sport is structured and governed, how it is financed, policies that promote and support sport development, and an overview of participation rates and trends. It concludes with a special focus on the Long-Term Athlete Development model, a framework for sport participation across the lifespan.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In 1971 Canada was the first country in the world to adopt such a policy. The subsequent Canadian Multiculturalism Act was legislated in 1988 (Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2008).
- 2.
At the time of writing, there is at least one Canadian team in the National Hockey League (NHL), American Hockey League (AHL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Canadian Basketball League (CBL), Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer (MLS), National Lacrosse League (NLL), and the Canadian Football League (CFL).
References
Alberta Ministry of Tourism, Parks and Recreation. (2012). Financial statements. http://www.tpr.alberta.ca/about/publications/2012/ASRPWF-June-20-2012.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Athletics Canada. (2010). Annual report. http://athleticsvideos.com/2010AnnualReport.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Berrett, T. (1993). The sponsorship of amateur sport-government, national sport organization, and corporate perspectives. Society and Leisure, 16(2), 323–346.
Bloom, M. R., Grant, M. W., & Watt, D. (2005). Strengthening Canada: The socio-economic benefits of sport participation in Canada. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada.
Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton. (2012). Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton Financial Statements. http://www.bobsleighcanadaskeleton.ca/en-CA/files/1112Audit_Final_BDO_Jul2012.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Bowls Canada. (2012). Treasurer’s report. http://www.bowlscanada.com/bank/File/2012/DocumentsFiles/Treasurers%20Report.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canada Revenue Agency. (2013). Prescribed program. http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/tx/ndvdls/tpcs/ncm-tx/rtrn/cmpltng/ddctns/lns360-390/365/prgrm-eng.html. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2006–07). Bulletin 08: government involvement in sport. http://www.cflri.ca/node/365. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2009). Bulletin 03: Sport participation in Canada. http://72.10.49.94/node/613. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2010a). Bulletin 07: children’s participation in sport. http://72.10.49.94/node/895. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2010b). Bulletin 08: Sport participation rates of canadian adults. http://72.10.49.94/node/128. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2010c). Bulletin 09: Nature and components of sport participation. http://72.10.49.94/node/129. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2011a). Bulletin 02: participation in sport among children and youth. http://72.10.49.94/node/904. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2011b). Bulletin 03: Where and how do children participate in sport? http://72.10.49.94/node/905. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI). (2012). Bulletin 16: Barriers to children’s participation in physical activity. http://72.10.49.94/node/1003. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2002). The Canadian sport policy. http://pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/pol/pcs-csp/2003/polsport-eng.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2005). Sport Canada’s policy on aboriginal peoples’ participation in sport. http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/pol/aboriginal/2005/aboriginal-eng.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2006). Policy on sport for persons with a disability. http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/pol/spt/tdm-eng.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2008). Sport Canada – Mission. http://pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/mssn/index-eng.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2010a). Aboriginal programs, policy, and research. http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1288012444019/1288012444021. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2010b). Sport Canada. http://pch.gc.ca/eng/12662465524271266203097671. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2010c). Welcome!http://pch.gc.ca.eng/1266037002102/1265993639778. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2012a). Canadian sport policy 2012. http://sirc.ca/CSPRenewal/documents/CSP2012_EN.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2012b). Sport Canada contributions report 2011–2012. http://pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/cntrbtn/2011-12/index-eng.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Heritage. (2012c). Sport funding and accountability framework. http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/sc/pgm/cfrs/index-eng.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Index of Wellbeing. (2012). Reflecting Canadian values. https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-index-wellbeing/about-canadian-index-wellbeing/reflecting-canadian-values. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Rugby Union. (2012). Canadian Rugby Union Financial Statements. http://www.rugbycanada.ca/media/leagues/3817/graphics/2011%20Audited%20Financial%20Statements1.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Soccer Association. (2011). Annual report. http://www.canadasoccer.com/files/CSA_2011AR_EN.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L). (2005). Long-term athlete development: Resource paper V2. http://canadiansportforlife.ca/resources/canadian-sport-life-resource-paper. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L). (2010). Moving forward: Collaboration paper 201–2013. http://canadiansportforlife.ca/resources/cs4l-moving-forward-collaboration-paper-2010-2013. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L). (2011a). Learn about canadian sport for life. http://canadiansportforlife.ca/learn-about-canadian-sport-life. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L). (2011b). Resources: LTAD case studies. http://canadiansportforlife.ca/resources/ltad-case-studies. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L). (2013). No accidental champions: Long-term athlete development for athletes with disabilities. http://canadiansportforlife.ca/sites/default/files/flipbooks/noaccidental2/NoAccidentalChampions.html#/2/. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (2013). The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html#top. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2008). Policy and legislation concerning multiculturalism. http://www.cic/gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/multi-policy.asp. Accessed 11 June 2013.
City of Toronto. (2013). Toronto’s racial diversity. http://www.toronto.ca/toronto_facts/diversity.htm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Comeau, G. S. (2012). The evolution of Canadian sport policy. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 5(1), 73–93.
Conference Board of Canada. (2011). Analysis of Canadian Sport Policy Renewal (CSPR): F-P/T Government Consultations and e-Survey Data. http://www.sirc.ca/CSPRenewal/documents/Conference_Board_of_Canada_Final.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Doherty, A., & Cuskelly, G. (2012). Organizational capacity and anticipated growth in nonprofit voluntary community sport organizations. Best Paper Proceedings of the 2012 Academy of Management Meeting. Boston, MA. Available online at http://program.aomonline.org/2012/reportsaspnet/Proceedings.aspx. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Doherty, A., & Misener, K. (2011). Critical elements of organizational capacity in community sport. Research report. London: University of Western Ontario.
Federal-Provincial/Territorial Priorities for Collaborative Action 2007–2012. (2007). http://www.sirc.ca/CSPRenewal.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Federal-Provincial/Territorial Priorities for Collaborative Action 2012. (2012). http://www.sirc.ca/CSPRenewal.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Government of Canada. (1998). Sport in Canada: Everybody’s business. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1031531&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=36&Ses=1. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Government of New Brunswick. (2012). Physical activity – Active communities grant. http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/services/services_renderer.201013.html. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Government of Nova Scotia. (2012). Physical activity, sport, and recreation: Tax incentives and grants. http://www.gov.ns.ca/hpp/pasr/grants.asp. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Hall, A., Slack, T., Smith, G., & Whitson, D. (1991). Sport in Canadian society. Tornato: McClelland & Stewart.
Imagine Canada. (2006). A portrait of sports and recreation organizations in Canada. Toronto: Author.
Lachance, V. (2007). Charitable status for sport organizations: Policy implications of the A.Y.S.A. case and further considerations. http://www.sportmatters.ca/en/resources-52-charitable-status-for-sport-organizations. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Macintosh, D., Bedecki, T., & Franks, C. E. S. (1987). Sport and politics in Canada: Federal government involvement since 1961. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Misener, K., & Doherty, A. (2013). Understanding capacity through the outcomes and processes of interorganizational relationships in nonprofit community sport organizations. Sport Management Review, 16(2), 137–147.
Misener, K., Harman, A., & Doherty, A. (2013). Understanding the local sports council as a mechanism for community sport development. Managing Leisure, 18(4), 300–315.
O’Reilly, N., & Séguin, B. (2009). Sport marketing: A Canadian perspective. Toronto: Nelson Education.
Platt, M. (2013). Rare green oasis lost but the city was right to let McCall Lake golf course go. Calgary Sun 12 February. Available at: http://www.calgarysun.com/2013/02/12/rare-green-oasis-lost-but-the-city-was-right-to-let-mccall-lake-golf-course-go. accessed 11 June 2013.
Ringette Canada. (2013). Our sport. http://www.ringette.ca/en-us/oursport.aspx. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). (2010). Border integrity. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/bi-if/index-eng.ht. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Sportweb. (2005). Sport organizations. http://www.sportweb.ca/Content/Athlete%20Handbook/Sport%20Organizations/01%20Sport%20Organizations.asp?langid=1. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Statistics Canada. (2006). Persons with disabilities, by age group and sex. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health71a-eng.htm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Statistics Canada. (2009). Distribution of women and men aged 15 and over, by selected measures of well-being and activity limitations status. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11545/tbl/tbl012-eng.htm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Statistics Canada. (2013). French and the Francophonie in Canada. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-314-x/98-314-x2011003_1-eng.cfm. Accessed 11 June 2013.
YMCA Canada. (2013). Find your YMCA. http://www.ymca.ca/en/find-your-ymca.aspx. Accessed 11 June 2013.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Doherty, A., Clutterbuck, R. (2013). Canada. In: Hallmann, K., Petry, K. (eds) Comparative Sport Development. Sports Economics, Management and Policy, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8905-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8905-4_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8904-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8905-4
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)