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HIV glycans in infection and immunity pp 85–115Cite as

Role of HIV Glycans in Transmission and Immune Escape

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Abstract

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 is heavily glycosylated, displaying an array of high mannose and complex carbohydrate moieties that are tightly packed and arranged into spatially distinct clusters. It is well established that together these glycans form an “evolving shield” that protects vulnerable receptor-binding sites from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. Paradoxically, the absence of glycans has been consistently associated with HIV-1 transmission in certain settings, but the underlying benefit for transmission remains poorly understood. A less glycosylated form of the viral Env may be more sensitive to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in an established infection; yet in the absence of adaptive immunity, this could be advantageous by providing evasion from mucosal immune defenses directed against pathogen-associated glycans or an enhanced ability to attach to and infect its primary target, the CCR5+ CD4+ T cell. Thus, HIV-1 must continually maintain a delicate balance between the number, position, and type of glycans in Env in response to host-selective pressures. Here we will explore the complex roles that glycans play in establishing new infections, maintaining Env function, and evading sequential waves of neutralizing antibodies.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Jinal Bhiman for assistance with creation of the figures.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Penny L. Moore Ph.D.

  2. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Penny L. Moore Ph.D.

  3. Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Megan K. Murphy Ph.D.

  4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Cynthia A. Derdeyn Ph.D.

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  1. Penny L. Moore Ph.D.
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  2. Megan K. Murphy Ph.D.
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  3. Cynthia A. Derdeyn Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Cynthia A. Derdeyn Ph.D. .

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  1. Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

    Ralph Pantophlet

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Moore, P.L., Murphy, M.K., Derdeyn, C.A. (2014). Role of HIV Glycans in Transmission and Immune Escape. In: Pantophlet, R. (eds) HIV glycans in infection and immunity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8872-9_4

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