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Risk Compensation in Response to HIV Prevention

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Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention

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Abstract

The success of emerging and available biomedical HIV prevention strategies is dependent, in part, on behavioral responses to these technologies. Of concern is how HIV risk-taking behavior may change with the availability of new biomedical technologies. In this chapter, we: (a) review the evidence for risk compensation in response to male circumcision, antiretroviral-based prevention, and HIV vaccines and (b) offer direction on the next steps for studying risk compensation related to biomedical technology. In our review of the literature, we find mixed evidence for the presence of risk compensation. In trials assessing the efficacy of biomedical HIV prevention technology, most report that sexual risk-taking decreased over the course of the trial. Yet, in studies outside of randomized controlled trials, we do find evidence for the presence of risk compensation in the context of prevention technologies. Many studies reporting on risk compensation-related findings present it as a secondary outcome and do not use methodological designs ideal for accurately assessing risk compensation. Based on the currently available literature, there is urgent need for longitudinal cohort studies for investigating the influence of risk compensation during the use of biomedical HIV prevention technologies in real-world settings.

This project was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health grant R01 MH094230 and a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to FHI360 to support the Male Circumcision Consortium (grant #47394).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd, Unit 1058, Storrs, 06269-1058, CT, USA

    Lisa A. Eaton

  2. School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W Taylor Street, (MC 923), Chicago, IL, 60612-4394, USA

    Nelli Westercamp

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd, 06269-1058, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Aushin Abraham

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  1. Lisa A. Eaton
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  2. Nelli Westercamp
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  3. Aushin Abraham
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Correspondence to Lisa A. Eaton .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Human Develop. & Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Lisa A. Eaton

  2. Ctr for Health Intervention & Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Seth C. Kalichman

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Eaton, L., Westercamp, N., Abraham, A. (2014). Risk Compensation in Response to HIV Prevention. In: Eaton, L., Kalichman, S. (eds) Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8845-3_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8845-3_6

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