Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Agricultural Pollution: An Emerging Issue

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes

Abstract

Agriculture and environment are interrelated to each other. Farming activities may contribute to air and soil pollution. Agriculture has been declared as the third largest source for pond, lake, and reservoir pollution as it causes disturbance of the rivers and streams. Undue application of nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizers on agricultural lands has led to the enrichment of these nutrients in soil, surface, and groundwater leading to pollution. Greenhouse gas emissions due to agricultural practices result in climate change. Additionally genetically modified crops have increased safety concerns due to gene flow. It has also a major impact on biodiversity. Water- and airborne diseases and cancers are major health issues faced by farm workers. They face injuries, illnesses, and fatalities due to physical exertion, contact with animals, use of machinery, and a high rate of exposure to toxic materials. Although regulatory approaches have been taken in order to prevent occupational and environmental health hazards caused due to agricultural practices, the present conditions show that there is still a need for research and awareness of agricultural health and safety. The current issues of agricultural pollution can be solved by practices like agricultural waste management, pest management, and manure recycling. Proper planning and decisions at government level are required to solve the issue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams MR, Chang CC, McCarl BA, Callaway MJ (1990) The role of agriculture in climate changes: a preliminary evaluation of emission control strategies. In: Conference on global change: economic issues in agriculture, forestry and natural resources, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Aelion CM (2004) Soil contamination monitoring. In HI Inyang and JL Daniels (eds). Environmental monitoring, Encyclopedia of life support systems (EOLSS), developed under the auspices of the UNESCO, EOLSS Publishers, Oxford. http://www.eolss.net

  • Agrawal M (2005) Effects of air pollution on agriculture: an issue of national concern. Natl Acad Sci Lett (India) 28:93–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth EA, Long SP (2005) What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytol 165:351–372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth EA, McGrath JM (2010) Direct effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on crop yields. Clim Change Food Sec 37:109–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alloway BJ (1990) Heavy metals in soils, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall India, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Amoguis DMK, Bontilao SMR, Galarido CD, Lumamba JAW, Paelmo JNA, Rosal RMB (2010) Experiences in pesticide used among farm workers and its effect to their health. Nurs Res J 2:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Aneja VP, Schlesinger WH, Erisman JM (2009) Effects of agriculture upon the air quality and climate: research, policy, and regulations. Environ Sci Technol 43:4234–4240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aratrakorn S, Thunhikorn S, Donald PF (2006) Changes in bird communities following conversion of lowland forest to oil palm and rubber plantations in southern Thailand. Bird Conserv Int 16:71–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J, Homaee M, Yunesian M, Ahmadimoghaddam M, Mahvi AH (2010) Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess 160:83–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balmford A, Green RE, Scharlemann JPW (2005) Sparing land for nature: exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production. Glob Change Biol 11:1594–1605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao-Rang Lu, Song Z, Chen J (2001) Gene flow from crops to wild relatives in Asia: case studies and general expectations. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on the society of genetically modified organisms, vol 1, pp 35–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergelson J, Purrington CB, Wichmann G (1998) Promiscuity in transgenic plants. Nature 395:25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie JE, Mitchell AW (2005) Nutrients in Australian tropical rivers: changes with agricultural development and implications for receiving environments. Mar Freshw Res 56:279–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brookes G, Barfoot P (2010) Global impact of biotech crops: environmental effects 1996–2008. AgBioForum 13(1):76–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey PD, Barnett CL, Greensdale PD, Garbutt RA, Warman EA, Myhill D, Scott RJ, Smart RJ, Catherine, Brahic C (2005) Major methane emitter identified in Asian rice fields. ScidevNet. http://www.scidev.net/en/news/major-methane-emitter-identified-in-asian-rice-fie.html

  • Chakravarthy AK, Bhattacharyya A, Shashank PR, Epidi TT, Doddabasappa B, Mandal SK (2012) DNA-tagged nano gold: a new tool for the control of the armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Afr J Biotechnol 11(38):9295–9301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicerone RJ, Shetter JD (1981) Sources of atmospheric methane: measurements in rice paddies and a discussion. J Geophys Res 86:7203–7209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen CJ, Grothaus LC, Perrigan SC (1981) Effects of simulated sulfuric acid rain on crop plant. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University, Corvallis

    Google Scholar 

  • Cold A, Forbes VE (2004) Consequences of a short pulse of pesticide exposure for survival and reproduction of Gammarus pulex. Aquat Toxicol 67:287–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole CV, Cerri C, Minami K, Mosier A, Rosenberg N, Sauerbeck D, Dumanski J, Duxbury J, Freney J, Gupta R, Heinemeyer OT, Kolchugina, Lee J, Paustian K, Powlson D, Sampson N, Tiessen H, Noordwijk MV, Zhao Q (1995) Agricultural options for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, chapter 23. In: Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses. Prepared by IPCC

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Sustainable Water Supplies in the Middle East; Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Palestine Academy for Science and Technology, Royal Scientific Society, Jordan, the US National Academy of Sciences (1999) Water for the future: the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel and Jordan. National Academy Press countryside stewardship scheme. Geography 82:30

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsolini S, Romeo T, Ademolla N, Greco S, Focardi S (2002) POPs in key species of marine Antarctic ecosystem. Microchem J 73:187–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley TJ (2000) Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science 289:270–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decker WL, Jones VK, Achuntuni R (1986) The impact of climate change from increased CO2 on American agriculture. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/NBB-0077

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Valle-Tascon S, Carrasco-Rodriguez JL (2004) Impact of ozone on crops. R Dris and SM Jain (eds). Production practices and quality assessment of food crops, “Preharvest Practice” 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherlands, vol 1, pp. 189–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll JE, Baranski M (2011) Field crop agriculture and climate change. Climate change and agriculture fact sheet series, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald PF, Green RE, Heath MF (2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe’s farmland bird populations. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 268:25–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donald PF, Pisano G, Rayment MD, Pain DJ (2002) The common agricultural policy. EU enlargements and the conservation of Europe’s farmland birds. Agric Ecosyst Environ 89:167–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doody DG, Archbold M, Foy RH, Flynn R (2012) Approaches to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive: targeting mitigation measures at critical source areas of diffuse phosphorus in Irish catchments. J Environ Manage 93:225–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duke SO (2012) Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years. Pest Manag Sci 68:505–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellstrand NC, Elam DR (1993) Population genetic consequences of small population-size implications for plant conservation. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:217–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emberson L (2003) Air pollution impacts on crops and forests: an introduction. Air pollution impacts on crops and forests: a global assessment 4:338

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (2009) What is a pesticide? http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/about/intheworks/volatilization.htm

  • Evans A (1997) The importance of mixed farming for seed-eating birds in the UK. Farming and birds in Europe: the common agricultural policy and its implications for bird conservation. Pain DJ and Pienkowski MW (eds) Academic Press London, pp. 331–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Field CB, Campbell JE, Lobell DB (2008) Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends Ecol Evol 23:53–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flohre A, Fischer C, Aavik T (2011) Agricultural intensification and biodiversity partitioning in European landscapes comparing plants, carabids, and birds. Ecol Appl 2:1772–1781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam R, Bhardwaj N (2010) Bioaccumulation of fluoride in different plant parts of Hordeum vulgare (barley) var. rd-2683 from irrigation water. Fluoride 43:57–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam R, Bhardwaj N, Saini Y (2010) Fluoride accumulation by vegetables and crops grown in Nawa Tehsil of Nagaur district (Rajasthan, India). J Phytol 2:80–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Gennaro D, Carlos EBC, Lorenzo C, Isabella AM, Carlos N, Ignacio A, Maria D, Gennaro L, Matteo S, Walter GC (2013) Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases. Multidiscip Respir Med 8:12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldewijk KK (2013) Land use issues, encyclopedia of biodiversity, vol 2. Elsevier, pp 555–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Gostick KG (1982) Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (A.D.A.S) recommendations to farmers on manure disposal and recycling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 329–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray AJ (2004) Ecology and Government policies: the GM crop debate. J Appl Ecol 41:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths H (2003) Effects of air pollution on agricultural crops. Revision of factsheet air pollution on agricultural crops. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ontario, Canada. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/01-015.htm

  • Guderian R (1985) Effects of pollutant combinations. In: Guderian R (ed) Air pollution by photochemical oxidants. Springer, Berlin, pp 246–275

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hall L, Topinka K, Huffman J, Davis L, Allen A (2000) Pollen flow between herbicide resistant Brassica napus is the cause of multiple-resistant B. napus volunteers. Weed Sci 48:688–694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley N, Whitby M, Simpson I (1999) Assessing the success of agri-environmental policy in the United Kingdom and New York, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatano R, Lipiec J (2004) Effects of land use and cultural practices on greenhouse gas fluxes in soil. Acta Agrophysica, Vol 109

    Google Scholar 

  • Heagle AS (1989) Ozone and crop yield. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27:397–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heath RL, Taylor GE (1997) Physiological processes and plant responses to ozone exposure. In: Sandermann H, Wellburn AR, Heath RL (eds) Forest decline and ozone. Spinger, Berlin, pp 317–368

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ho TLT, Cao TS, Luong DA, Vu DT, Kurosawa K, Egashira K (2013) Evaluation of water pollution caused by different pig–farming systems in Hungyen province of Vietnam. Kyushu Univ Int Reposit 58:159–165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodge I, McNally S (1998) Evaluating the environmentally sensitive areas: the value of rural environments and policy relevance. J Rural Stud 14:357–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Naguer M, Vanderlinden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (2001) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton JT, Jenkins GJ, Ephraums JJ (1990) Climate change: the IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 365

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob DJ, Winner DA (2009) Effect of climate change on air quality, vol 43. Elsevier Amsterdam, pp 51–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen HH (2004) Carbon cycling in earth systems—a soil science perspective. Agric Ecosyst Environ 104:399–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins B, Jones D, Turn S, Williams R (1996) Emission factors for polycyclic hydrocarbons from biomass burning. Environ Sci Technol 30:2462–2469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jessica D, Rich SMG, Jennifer RSN (2012) In vitro effects of herbicides and insecticides on human breast cells. ISRN toxicology volume. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/232461

  • Kaiser T (2010) US farmers realize disadvantages of genetically engineered seeds. DailyTech. http://www.dailytech.com/US+Farmers+Realize+Disadvantages+of+Genetically+Engineered+Seed/article19802.html

  • Karunamoorthi K, Mohammed M, Wassie F (2012) Knowledge and practices of farmers with reference to pesticide management. Implicat Human Health 67:109–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kebede A, McCann JC, Kiszewski AE, Ye-Ebto Y (2005) New evidence of the effects of agro-ecologic change on malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:676–680

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesavan PC, Swaminathan MS (2008) Strategies and models for agricultural sustainability in developing Asian countries. Philos Trans R Soc B 877–891

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan FR (2012) Brick kiln emissions affect crop yields, study finds. Scidev Net, viewed 16 Nov 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan ZR, Mengech AN (2001) Management matters in the war against stem borers. Ecoforum 25:46–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang YT, Antonvics J, Wu L (1979) The extinction of wild rice (Oryza perennis formosa) in Taiwan. J Asian Ecol 1:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kongshaug G (1998) Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in fertilizer production. IFA Technical Conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 18

    Google Scholar 

  • Lashof DA, Ahuja DR (1990) Relative contribution of greenhouse gas emission to global warming. Nature 344:529–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law RA, Mansfiel TA (1982) Oxides of nitrogen and green house atmosphere. Effects of gaseous air pollution in agriculture and horticulture. Butterworth 93–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke R, McConkey B, Janzen H (2004) Impacts of agriculture on air quality(with emphasis on CO2 and N2O). Agric Agri-Food Can 23–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis WJ (1997) A total system approach to sustainable pest management. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:12243–12248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Pierce RS, Eaton JS, Johnson NM (1977) Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Zhu XQ (2001) Biosafety (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhua YL, Liu WL, Han C, Zhu L (2009) Heavy metal contamination and remediation in Asian Agricultural Land. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo L, Ma Y, Zhang S, Wei D, Zhu YG (2009) Inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China. J Environ Manage 90:2524–2530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mas’ud ZA, Khotib M, Farid M, Nur A, Amroni M (2013) Superabsorbent derived from cassava waste pulp. Int J Recycling Organ Waste Agric 2:8. Available at http://www.ijrowa.com/content/2/1/8

  • Maqsood MA, Hussain S, Aziz T, Ashraf M (2013) Sustainable agriculture through integrated soil fertility management on degraded lands. SA Shahid et al (eds), Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation: Innovative Thinking and use of marginal soil and water resources in irrigated agriculture, pp 759–776. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7-50

  • Matsubara M, Morimoto S, Sase H, Ohizumi T, Sumida H, Nakata M, Ueda H (2009) Long-term declining trends of river water pH in Central Japan. Water Air Soil Pollution 253–265

    Google Scholar 

  • MEA (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis’. World Resources Institute Island Press, Washington, DC, p 155

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellon M, Rissler J (2004) Gone to seed. Transgenic contamination in the traditional seed supply. Union of concerned Scientists

    Google Scholar 

  • Merritt RW, Benbow ME, Small PLC (2005) Unraveling an emerging disease associated with disturbed aquatic environments: the case of Buruli ulcer. Front Ecol Environ 3:323–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millennial Ecosystem Assessment Board (2005) Millennial ecosystem assessment synthesis report. United Nations Environment Programme, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller JE (1987) Effects of ozone and sulphur dioxide stress on growth and carbon allocation in plants. Rec Adv Phytochem 1:55–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A, Sharma P, Goel C, Singh BP, Arora N (2010) Allergenicity assessment of genetically modified foods. Int J Integr Biol 10:1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss B (2004) Continental-scale patterns of nutrient and fish effects on shallow lakes: synthesis of a pan-European mesocosm experiment. Freshw Biol 49:1633–1649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss B (1996) A land awash with nutrients—the problem of eutrophication. Chem Ind 11:407–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss B (2008) Water pollution by agriculture. Philos Trans R Soc B 363:659–666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudd JB (1975) Sulfur dioxide. In: Mudd JB, Kzozlowski TT (eds) Responses of plants to air pollution. Academic, New York, pp 9–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Oerke EC (1994) Crop production and crop protection: estimated losses in major food and cash crops. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Ongley ED (2005) Control of water pollution from agriculture. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozen S, Bayindir P, Karasulu E, Simsek DG, Gurler T (2011). Effects of pesticides used in agriculture on the development of precocious puberty. Environmental monitoring and assessment. July 2012, vol./is.184/7(4223-32), 1573–2959

    Google Scholar 

  • Paoletti F, Burlingame B, Dernini S (2010) Organic farming: sustainability. Biodivers Diets 254–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul KH, Xiaoming L, Stephanie JL, David MU, Dale PS, Jane AH (2013) Exacerbation of symptoms in agricultural pesticide applicators with asthma. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Paustian K, Babcock BA, Hatfield J, Lal R, McCarl BA, McLaughlin S, Mosier A, Rice C, Robertson GP, Rosenberg NJ, Rosenzweig C, Schlesinger WH, Zilberman D (2004) Agricultural mitigation of greenhouse gases: science and policy options. CAST (Council on Agricultural Science and Technology) Report 1-887383-26-3: 120

    Google Scholar 

  • Petit LJ, Petit DR (2003) Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for neotropical bird conservation. Conserv Biol 17:687–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picazo-Tadeo AJ, Gomez-Limon JA, Reig-Martinez E (2011) Assessing farming ecoefficiency: a data envelopment analysis approach. J Environ Manage 92:1154–1164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel D (2009) Pesticides and pest control. In: Integrated pest management: innovation-development process, vol 1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 83–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston TR, Leng RA (1989) The greenhouse effect and its implications for world agriculture, the need for environmentally friendly development. Livest Res Rural Dev 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretty J (2007) Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence. Philos Trans R Soc B 447–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabotyagov S, Valcu A, Kling C (2012) Reversing the property rights: practice- based approaches for controlling agricultural non point- source water pollution when emissions aggregate non linearly. Available from http://www.card.iastate.edu/publicationslsynopsis.aspx?id=1176. Accessed 1 Feb 2013

  • Rossi V, Caffi T, Salinari F (2012) Helping farmers face the increasing complexity of decision-making for crop protection. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 457−479

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy S, Beig G, Ghude S (2009) Exposure-plant response of ambient ozone over the tropical Indian region. Atmos Chem Phys Dis 9:4141–4157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runeckles VC, Chevone BI (1991) Crop responses to ozone. Surface level ozone exposures and their effects on vegetation. Lewis Chelsea 157–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai S, Yoshida H, Hirai Y, Asari M, Takigami H, Takahashi S, Tomoda K, Peeler MV, Wejchert J, Schmid-Unterseh T, Douvan AR, Hathaway R, Hylander LD, Fischer C, Jong Oh G, JinhuiL, Chi NK (2011) International comparative study of 3R and waste management policy developments. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 86–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders R (2012) Fertilizer use responsible for increase in nitrous oxide in atmosphere. News Center, Berkeley. Available at http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/04/02/fertilizer-use-responsible-for-increase-in-nitrous-oxide-in-atmosphere/

  • Sandin S (2005) Present and future methane emissions from rice fields in DôngNga.c commune, Hanoi, Vietnam, Göteborg University, Department of Physical Geography, p 41

    Google Scholar 

  • Savci S (2012) An agricultural pollutant: chemical fertilizer. Int J Environ Sci Dev 3:77–80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scharlemann JPW, Balmford A, Green RE (2005) The level of threat to restricted-range bird species can be predicted from mapped data on land use and human population. Biol Conserv 123:317–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherr SJ, McNeely JA (2008) Biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability: towards a new paradigm of ecoagriculture landscapes. Philos Trans R Soc B 477–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherr SJ, Sthapit S (2010) Mitigating climate change through food and land use. Worldwatch Report 179. Available at http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6126#summary

  • Scialabba NH, Lindenlauf MM (2010) Organic agriculture and climate change. Renew Agric Food Syst 25:158–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley AN, Kleinman PJA, Heathwaite AL, Gburek WJ, Folmar GJ, Schmidt JP (2008) Phosphorus loss from an agricultural watershed as a function of storm size. J Environ Qual 37:362–368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen G, Huang X, Zhou P, Wang L, Zhi Y (2012) Non-point source pollution characteristics of agriculture-derived nitrogen in groundwater in suburban area of Shanghai based on models. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 32–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith P (2004) Engineered biological sinks on land. In: Field CB, Raupach MR (eds) The global carbon cycle, Integrating humans, climate, and the natural world. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 479–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow AA, Andersen B, Jørgensen RB (1999) Costs of transgenic herbicide resistance introgressed from Brassica napus into weedy Brassica rapa. Mol Ecol 8:605–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton M, Oenema O, Erisman JW, Leip A, Grinsven H, Winiwarter W (2011) Too much of a good thing. Nature 472:159–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA, Olson RA (1985) Effect of acid rain on soils. Crit Rev Environ Control 15:65–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavi I, Lal R (2013) Agriculture and greenhouse gases, a common tragedy. A review, vol 33. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 275–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Telesiński A, Śnioszek M, Smolikn B, Malinowska K, Mikiciuk M, Cichocka J, Zakrzewska H (2011) Fluoride uptake in hydroponic culture by different clones of Basket Willow, Salix VimI. Res Rep 4:255–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S (2002) Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practice. Nature 418:671–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D (1999) Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:5995–6000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D (2001) Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science 292:281–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timoroglu IDY, Unal F, Yilmaz S, Aksay H, Celik M (2012) Assessment of the genotoxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides phorate and trichlorfon in human lymphocytes. Environmental Toxicology. 19 May, doi:10.1002/tox.21783

  • Treshow M, Anderson FK (1991) Plant stress from air pollution. Wiley, Chichester, p 283

    Google Scholar 

  • Tunney H, Kirwan L, Fu W, Culleton N (2010) Long term phosphorus grassland experiment for beef production – impact on soil phosphorus levels and animal liveweight gains. Soil Use Manage 26:237–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urzua A, Santander R, Echeverria J, Cabezas N, Palacios SM, Rossi Y (2010) Insecticide properties of the essential oils from Haplopappus foliosus and Bahia ambrosioides against the house fly, Musca domestica L. Journal of Chilean Chemical Society. 392–395. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/So717-97072010000300026

  • Ussiri D, Lal R (2013) Conclusions: towards managing agricultural soils for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions. Springer, Heidelberg, p 347

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing. Available at http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/pdf/cgs001.pdf. Accessed 18 Jan 2007

  • Van den Brink PJ, Roelsma J, Van Nes EH, Scheffer M, Brock TCM (2002) PERPEST model, a case-based reasoning approach to predict ecological risks of pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:2500–2506

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanni MJ, Arend KK, Bremigan MT, Bunnell DB, Garvey JE, Gonzalez MJ, Renwick WH, Soranno PA, Stein RA (2005) Linking landscapes and food webs: effects of omnivorous fish and watersheds on reservoir ecosystems. BioSciences 55:155–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkataraman C, Habib G, Kadamba D, Shrivastava M, Leon J, Crouzille B, Boucher O, Streets D (2006) Emissions from open biomass burning in India, Integrating the inventory approach with high-resolution moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) active and land cover data. Global Biogeochem Cycles 20

    Google Scholar 

  • Vörösmarty CJ, McIntyre PB, Gessner MO, Dudgeon D, Prusevich A, Green P (2010) Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature 467:555–561

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volk M, Liersch S, Schmidt G (2009) Towards the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive? Lessons learned from water quality simulations in an agricultural watershed. Land Use Policy 26:580–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Essen SG, Donham KJ (1999) Illness and injury in animal confinement workers. Occup Med 14:337–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakeham-Dawson A, Aebischer NJ (1998) Factors determining winter densities of birds on environmentally sensitive area arable reversion grassland in southern England with special reference to skylarks (Alauda arvensis). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 70:189–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Walcott J (2004) Agriculture and biodiversity, connections for sustainable development. Bureau of Rural sciences, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Li XH, Lu H (2008) Residual and potential risk of organochlorine pesticides in urban soils of Yinchuan. J Wenzhou Univ (Nat Sci) 29:32–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Werther J, Saenger M, Hartge EU, Ogada T, Siagi Z (2000) Combustion of agricultural residues. Prog Energy Combust Sci 2:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler BD (1980) Plant communities of rich fen systems in England and Wales III. Fen meadow, fen grassland and fen woodland communities and contact communities. J Ecol 68:761–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams P, Whitfield M, Biggs J, Bray S, Fox G, Nicolet P, Sear D (2004) Comparative diversity of rivers, streams, ditches and ponds in an agricultural landscape in southern England. Biol Conserv 115:329–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams WD, Aladin NV (1991) The Aral Sea: recent limnological changes and their conservation significance. Aquatic Conservervation: Marine and freshwater Ecosystems. 1991 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Vol 1, issue 1, pp. 3–23. doi:10.1002/aqc/3270010103

  • Wu M, Tang X, Li Q, Yang W, Jin F, Tang M, Scholz M (2013) Review of ecological engineering solutions for rural non-point source water pollution control in Hubei Province, China. Water Air Soil Pollution 224:1561–1579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong X, Yanxia L, Wei L, Chunye L, Wei H, Ming Y (2010) Copper content in animal manures and potential risk of soil copper pollution with animal manure use in agriculture. Resour Conserv Recycling 54:985–990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu YY, Yan BX, Zhu H (2013) Leaf dew contributes nutrients to paddies and improves rice growth, vol 63. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 97–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Zdjelar GR, Nikolić ZT, Marjanović Jeromela AM, Jovičić DD, Ignjatov MV, Petrović DN (2011) Environmental and agronomic impact of the herbicide tolerant GM rapeseed. J Agric Sci 56:65–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang Q, Melack JM, Zimov S, Wlater KM, Butenh off CL, Khalil MAK (2009) Global methane emissions from wetlands, rice paddies, and lakes. EOS 90:37–38

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Aqsa Abbasi, Ayesha Sajid, Namra Haq, Sammia Rahman, Zujaja-tul Misbah, Gul Sanober, Muhammad Ashraf & Alvina Gul Kazi

Authors
  1. Aqsa Abbasi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ayesha Sajid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Namra Haq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sammia Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zujaja-tul Misbah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Gul Sanober
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Muhammad Ashraf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Alvina Gul Kazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alvina Gul Kazi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Sri Pratap College, Srinagar, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Parvaiz Ahmad

  2. Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College (Boys), Anantnag, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Mohd Rafiq Wani

  3. Department of Botany, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

    Mohamed Mahgoub Azooz

  4. Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Abbasi, A. et al. (2014). Agricultural Pollution: An Emerging Issue. In: Ahmad, P., Wani, M., Azooz, M., Tran, LS. (eds) Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8830-9_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation