Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cultural Frameworks for Studying Artificial Cranial Modifications: Physical Embodiment, Identity, Age, and Gender

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Bioarchaeology of Artificial Cranial Modifications

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology ((IDCA,volume 7))

Abstract

The human body, with its physical and psychological properties, figures both as a basis and mediator in all cultural interactions and, as such, is also affected by the social life it supports. Thus, its anthropological study, and that of its cultural modifications, does not only inform on morphological adaptation and plasticity but equally grants glimpses on society itself. Regarding archaeologically retrieved cultures of the past, permanent body enhancement is still evident in buried human bones and teeth, two body tissues that resist decomposition much longer than soft tissues. The bioarchaeological study of artificial modifications of hard tissues therefore provides invaluable insight into ancient customs and may hint at underlying cultural and social dynamics involved in their execution. This chapter explores broad concepts of cultural and social meaning that facilitate the linkage of past head-shaping practices and body modifications in general with social processes; namely, their role in the physical embodiment of ancient society, culture, identity, gender, and age. The concepts, detailed here, anticipate the more specific interpretations of meanings in Chap. 6.

Ex visu cognoscitur vir, et ab occursu faciei cognoscitur sensatus: amictus corpois et risus dentium et ingressus hominis enunciant de illo

[Bartolomé de las Casas 1967, Chap. XIX]

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The concept of population is delimited by other definitions than those given here. Many emphasize the biological aspect of the concept. Note that population, present and past, according to many authors forms the purpose and unit of analysis of physical anthropology, as a study of man and his origins, evolution, and diversity (Buettner-Janusch 1980).

References

  • Acosta, Agustín, Michael Coe, Felipe Solís, and Beatriz de la Fuente. 1992. Museo de Antropología de Xalapa. Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Beatriz Trueblood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alt, Kurt W., F. Parsche, W.M. Pahl, and G. Ziegelmayer. 1999. La deformación de la dentadura como “decoración corporal”; distribución, motivos y aspectos culturales. Antropológicas 15:51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardren, Tracy, and Scott R. Hutson (ed.). 2006. The social experience of childhood in ancient Mesoamerica. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, Luis Felipe. 1996. Una posición teórica en arqueología. Ph.D. diss., Universidad de Sevilla.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, Luis Felipe. 1998. El proceso de investigación en arqueología. Barcelona: Editorial Crítica, Grijalvo-Mondadori.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blom, Deborah E. 2005. Embodying borders: Human body modification and diversity in Tiwanaku society. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24:1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonavides, Enrique. 1992. Ritos de pasaje entre los mayas antiguos. Estudios de Cultura Maya 19:397–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boremanse, Didier. 1997. The faith of the real people: The Lacandon of the Chiapas rain forest. In South and Meso-American native spirituality: From the cult of the feathered serpent to the theology of liberation, ed. G.H. Gossen, 324–351. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boremanse, Didier. 1998. Hach Winik. The Lacandon Maya of Chiapas, southern Mexico. Albany: University of Albany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brain, Robert. 1979. The decorated Body. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buettner-Janusch, John. 1980. Antropología Física. México: Limusa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buikstra, Jane E. 1991. Out of the appendix and into the dirt: Comments on thirteen years of bioarchaeological research. In What mean these bones? Studies in southeastern bioarchaeology, ed. Mary L. Powell, Patricia S. Bridges, and Ann Marie Mires, 172–188. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casas, Bartolomé de las. 1967. Apologética historia sumaria, ed. Edmundo O’Gorman, Vols. 1 and 2. Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cervera, María Dolores. 2007. El hetsmek’ como experiencia simbólica de la construcción de los niños mayas yucatecos como personas. Revista Digital Pueblos y Fronteras, 4:1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheetham, David. 2008. Early Olmec figurines from two regions. In Mesoamerican figurines ed. Christina T. Halperin, Katherine A. Faust, Rhonda Taube, and Giguet Aurore, 149–179. Gainesville: University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, Wes. 1989. A fashion for ecstasy: Ancient Maya body modifications. Modern primitives. Research Publication 12:79–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claasen, Cheryl, and Rosemary Joyce. 1997. Women in prehistory. North America and Mesoamerica. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csordas, Thomas J. (ed.). 2003. Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self. New York: Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dembo, Adolfo, and José Imbelloni. 1938. Deformaciones intencionales del cuerpo humano de carácter étnico. Buenos Aires: Biblioteca Humanior.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dembo, Adolfo, and Armando Vivante. 1945. La moda de las deformaciones corporales. Buenos Aires: Las Dos Estrellas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Andreu, Margarita, Sam Lucy, Staša Babić, and David N. Edwards. 2005. The archaeology of identity: Approaches to gender, age, status, ethnicity and religion. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingwall, Eric J. 1931. Artificial cranial deformation. A contribution to the study of ethnic mutilations. London: Bale & Sons & Danielsson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dogan, Matei, and Robert Pahre. 1991. Las nuevas ciencias sociales, la marginalidad creadora. Mexico: Grijalba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, Mary. 1973. Natural symbols: Explorations in cosmology. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, William N. 2009. Cranial modification among the Maya: Absence of evidence or evidence of absence?. In Bioarchaeology and identity in the Americas, ed. Kelly Knudson and Christopher Stojanowski, 177–93. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, William N., and Charles A. Hofling. 2011. Why the head? Cranial modification as protection and ensoulment among the Maya. Ancient Mesoamerica 22:199–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farriss, Nancy M. 1984. Maya society under colonial rule. The collective enterprise of survival. Princeton: Princeton University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone, Mike, Mike Hepworth, and Bryan S. Turner (ed.). 1991. The body, social processes and cultural theory, Vol 7. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feest, Christian F., and Alfred Janata. 1989. Technologie und Ergologie in der Völkerkunde, Vol. 2. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flower, William H. 1881. Fashion in deformity. London: Nature Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forth, Christopher E. 2010. Beauty and concepts of the ideal. In A cultural history of the human body in the modern age, ed. Ivan Crozier, 227–281. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Richard, and Barbara King (ed.). 2002. Anthropology beyond culture. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furst, Jill L. 1995. The natural history of the soul in ancient Mexico. New Haven: Yale University.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, Ana, and Vera Tiesler. 2011. El aspecto físico de los dioses mayas. Arqueología Mexicana 112:59–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geller, Pamela L. 2006. Altering identities: Body modifications and the pre-Columbian Maya. In Social archaeology of funerary remains, ed. Rebecca Gowland and Christopher Knüsel, 279–291. Oxford: Oxbow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, Walter. 1993. On the relationship between biology and anthropology. Man 28:341–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, Alan H., and Thomas L. Leatherman (ed.). 1998. Building a new biocultural synthesis: Political-economic perspectives on human biology. Michigan: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gump, William. 2010. Modern induced skull deformity in adults. Neurosurgical Focus 29(6):1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, Frederic. 2001. Ethnicity. In The Oxford encyclopedia of Mesoamerican cultures. The civilizations of Mexico and Central America, Vol. 1, ed. David Carrasco, 388–392. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houston, Stephen, and David Stuart. 1998. The ancient Maya self: Personhood and portraiture in the Classic period. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 33:73–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houston, Stephen, David Stuart, and Karl A. Taube. 2006. The memory of bones. Body, being and experience among the Classic Maya. Austin: University of Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Siân. 1997. The archaeology of ethnicity. Constructing identities in the past and present. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, Rosemary. 2000. Girling the girl and boying the boy: The production of adulthood in ancient Mesoamerica. World Archaeology 31(3):473–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, Rosemary. 2005. Archaeology of the body. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:139–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, Cecilia F. 2001. Conclusions: Envisioning pre-Columbian gender studies. In Gender in pre-Hispanic America. A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, ed. Cecilia F. Klein, 263–386. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, Cecilia F., and Jeffrey Quilter. 2001. Gender in pre-Hispanic America. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, Karen L. 2005. Maya children. Helpers at the farm. Cambridge: Harvard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latcham, Ricardo. 1929. Creencias religiosas de los antiguos peruanos. Santiago de Chile: Bacells.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latcham, Ricardo. 1937. Deformación del cráneo en la región de los Atacameos y Diaguitas. Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 39:105–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Breton, David. 1994. Corps et societés. Paris: Meridiens Klincksieck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Mary E. 2007. The bioarchaeology of children. Perspectives from biological and forensic anthropology. New York: Cambridge University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lock, Margaret, and Judith Farquhar (ed.). 2007. Beyond the body proper: Reading the anthropology of material life. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Austin, Alfredo. 1989. Cuerpo humano e ideología. Las concepciones de los antiguos nahuas. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Austin, Alfredo. 1998. Breve historia de la tradición religiosa mesoamericana. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Austin, Alfredo. 2001. El núcleo duro, la cosmovisión y la tradición mesoamericana. In Cosmovisión, ritual e identidad de los pueblos indígenas de México ed. Johanna Broda and Félix Báez-Jorge, 47–65. Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, Fondo de Cultura Económica.

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Austin, Alfredo, and Leonardo López-Luján. 1996. El pasado indígena. Mexico: Colegio de México, Fideicomiso Historia de la Américas, Fondo de Cultura Económica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorentz, Kirsi. 2008. From bodies to bones and back: Theory and human bioarchaeology. In Between biology and culture ed. Holger Schutkowski, 273–303. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lozada, María Cecilia. 2011. Marking ethnicity through premortem cranial modification among the Pre-Inca Chiribaya, Perú. In The bioarchaeology of the human head. Decapitation, decoration, and deformation, ed. Michelle Bonogofsky, 228–240. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marion, Marie-Odile. 1994. Identidad y ritualidad entre los mayas. Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauss, Marcel. 1971. Sociología y antropología. Madrid: Editorial Tecnos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauss, Marcel. 2007. Techniques of the body. In Beyond the body proper: Reading the anthropology of material life, ed. Margaret Lock and Judith Farquhar, 50–68. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCafferty, Geoffrey, and Sharisse McCafferty. 2011. Bling things: Ornamentation and identity in Pacific Nicaragua. In Identity crisis: Archaeological perspectives on social identity, ed. Lindsey Amond Sen-Meyer, Nicole Angel, and Sean Pickotag, 243–252. Calgary: Chacmool Archaeological Association, University of Calgary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meillassoux, Claude. 1987. Mujeres, graneros y capitales. Mexico: Siglo XXI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meskell, Lynn. 1998. The irresistible body and the seduction of archaeology. In Changing bodies, changing meanings. Studies on the human body in antiquity, Dominique Montserrat, 139–161. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meskell, Lynn M., and Rosemary Joyce. 2003. Embodied lives: Figuring ancient Maya and Egyptian experience. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Daniel. 1982. Structures and strategies: An aspect of the relationship between social hierarchy and cultural change. In Symbolic action and structural archaeology, ed. Ian Hodder, 89–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, Jenny and Eleanor Scott (ed.). 1997. Invisible people and processes. Leicester: Leicester University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nájera, Martha Ilia. 2000. El umbral hacia la vida. El nacimiento entre los mayas contemporáneos. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peña, Rosa María. 1992. Un especimen singular que muestra mutilación dentaria infantil. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos 38:107–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purizaga, Medardo. 1991. El rito del nacimiento entre los Inca. Lima: Universidad de San Martín de Porres.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez, Marco, Vera Tiesler, Iván Oliva, and Guillermo Mata. 2003. Posibles técnicas empleadas en la decoración dental en la Mesoamérica prehispánica. Un estudio experimental de instrumentos y superficies. Estudios de Antropología Biológica 11:983–998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redfield, Robert, and Alfonso Villa Rojas. 1967. Chan Kom A Maya Village. A classic study of the basic for culture in a village in eastern Yucatan. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reischer, Erica, and Kathryn S. Koo. 2004. The body beautiful: Symbolism and agency in the social world. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:27–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1952. Los patrones de la mutilación dentaria prehispánica. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia 4(32):177–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1958. Mutilaciones dentarias prehispánicas de México y América en general. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1970 Dental mutilation, trephination, and cranial deformation. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 9, 5–67. Austin: University of Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1974. La mutilación dentaria. In Antropología física, época prehispánica ed. Javier Romero, 229–250. Mexico: Colección México: Panorama Histórico y Cultural, Secretaría de Educación Pública, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1984 Incrustaciones y mutilaciones dentarias. In Historia general de la medicina en México, Vol.1, 323–327. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, Javier. 1986. Catálogo de la colección de dientes mutilados prehispánicos IV parte. Mexico: Colección Fuentes, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandoval, Alfonso. 1985. Estructura corporal y diferenciación social. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauvain-Dugerdil, Claudine. 1991. El hombre irreductible. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, Michael B. 1987. Formation processes of the archaeological record. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, Michael B., and Andrea R. Miller. 1999. The material life of human beings. Artifacts, behavior, and communication. London, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Service, Elman. 1971. Primitive social organization. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shilling, Chris. 1993. The body and social theory. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skibo, James M., and Michael B. Schiffer. 2009. People and things. A behavioral approach to material culture. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sofaer, Joanna R. 2006. The body as material culture. A theoretical osteoarchaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stresser-Péan, Claude. 2011. De la vestimenta y los hombres. Una perspectiva histórica de la indumentaria indígena en México. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, Fundación Alfredo Harp Helú, Museo Textil de Oaxaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taube, Karl A. 1996. The Olmec maize god: The face of corn in Formative Mesoamerica. In Res 29/30, 39–81. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taube, Rhonda, and Karl A. Taube. 2008. The beautiful, the bad and the ugly: Aesthetics and morality in Maya figurines. In Mesoamerican Figurines, ed. Christina T. Halperin, Katherine A. Faust, Rhonda Taube, and Giguet Aurore, 236–258. University of Florida, Gainesville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terrazas, Alejandro. 2000. Teoría de coevolución humana: Una posición teórica en antropología física. Master diss., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1993. Algunos conceptos y correlatos para la consideración del individuo en arqueología. Boletín de Antropología Americana 28:5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1996. Restos humanos como fuente de información arqueológica. Aplicaciones en la investigación mayista. Cuicuilco 6(2):213–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1997a. El esqueleto muerto y vivo: algunas consideraciones para la evaluación de restos humanos como parte del contexto arqueológico. In El cuerpo humano y su tratamiento mortuorio, ed. Elsa Malvido, Gregory Pereira, and Vera Tiesler, 77–89. Mexico: Colección Científica, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1997b. Rasgos bioculturales en la población prehispánica del sureste del Petén, Guatemala. In Memorias del X Simposio de investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, ed. Juan Pedro Laporte and Héctor Escobedo, 573–585. Guatemala: Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, Instituto de Antropología e Historia, Asociación Tikal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1997c. La arqueología biosocial: Bases conceptuales para la evaluación de restos humanos en arqueología. B.A. diss., Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia/Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 1999. Rasgos bioculturales entre los antiguos mayas: Aspectos arqueológicos y sociales. Ph.D. diss., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 2000. Decoraciones dentales entre los antiguos mayas. Mexico: Ediciones Euroamericanas, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 2007. Bases conceptuales para la evaluación de restos humanos en arqueología. Mérida: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 2010. “Olmec” head shapes among the Preclassic period Maya and cultural meanings. Latin American Antiquity 21(3):290–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 2011. Becoming Maya: Infancy and upbringing through the lens of pre-Hispanic head shaping. Childhood in the Past 4:117–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera. 2012. Studying cranial vault modifications in ancient Mesoamerica. Journal of Anthropological Sciences 90:1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiesler, Vera, and Ruth Benítez. 2001. Head shaping and dental decoration: Two biocultural attributes of cultural integration and social distinction among the ancient Maya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Annual Meeting Supplement 32:149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Rouff, Christina. 2002. Cranial vault modification and ethnicity in middle horizon San Pedro de Atacama, North Chile. Current Anthropology 43:163–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, Victor. 1984. The body and society: Explorations in social theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Gennep, Arnold. 1960. The rites of passage. Chicago: University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vela, Enrique. 2010. Tatuajes. Decoración corporal prehispánica, Catálogo visual. Arqueología Mexicana (Edición Especial) 37:56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vera, José Luis. 1998. El hombre escorzado. Un estudio sobre el concepto de eslabón perdido en evolución humana. Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villa Rojas, Alfonso. 1978. Los elegidos de dios: Etnografía de los mayas de Quintana Roo. Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yépez, Zoila R. 2006. La práctica cultural de modelar la cabeza en dos culturas andinas del Antiguo Perú: Paracas y Chancay. Un estudio de los procesos de significación de la cabeza modelada intencionalmente. Ph.D. diss., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yépez, Rosaura. 2009. El simbolismo de la modificación cultural de la cabeza en la cultura andina de Paracas del antiguo Perú. Estudios de Antropología Biológica 14:526–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yépez, Rosaura, and Ramón Arzápalo. 2009. La práctica cultural de modificar el cuerpo como un texto de información e interpretación social para la antropología física. Una perspectiva semiótica. Papeles de trabajo 15:75–108.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Anthropologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan Facultad de Ciencias Anthropologicas, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Vera Tiesler Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Vera Tiesler Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vera Tiesler Ph.D. .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tiesler, V. (2014). Cultural Frameworks for Studying Artificial Cranial Modifications: Physical Embodiment, Identity, Age, and Gender. In: The Bioarchaeology of Artificial Cranial Modifications. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8760-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation