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Heavy-Metal Attack on Freshwater Side: Physiological Defense Strategies of Macrophytes and Ecotoxicological Ops

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Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies in Plants Under Changing Environment

Abstract

For many years, strong anthropogenic pollutions like heavy metals induce deep changes in all ecosphere compartments especially in streams where deleterious effects on aquatic plants are noted. Indeed, ionic interactions on whole plant surface and permanent replacement of metal pool lead to ecophysiological disruptions among freshwater macrophytes. To prevent from irreversible alterations, macrophytes develop a typical antioxidant systems (e.g., proteins, secondary metabolites, metabolic pathways) to protect intracellular components from reactive oxygen species and to preserve major biosynthesis pathways like photosynthesis. These macrophytes also accumulate solutes to cope with increasing external metal toxicity. Moreover, new anatomical features reducing water stress and leading to cell homeostasis can appear in leaves, as a double endodermis. Tolerance to heavy metals is an interesting feature of freshwater plants for understanding any adaptation and acclimation processes to highly ionic concentrated environments at the genetic level. Indeed, specific genes involved in the synthesis of molecular chaperones might be related to heavy-metal tolerance in macrophytes. Due to their metal sensitivity and bioaccumulation capabilities, these organisms appear essential in ecotoxicological studies like biomonitoring to manage natural habitats.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the University of Rennes 1, the UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR, the University of Limoges, and the GRESE EA 4330.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Mycology—UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR PNSCM, University of Rennes 1 (European University of Brittany), Rennes, 35043, France

    David Delmail

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Botany and Cryptogamy—GRESE EA 4330, University of Limoges, Limoges, 87025, France

    Pascal Labrousse

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  1. David Delmail
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  2. Pascal Labrousse
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Correspondence to David Delmail .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Sri Pratap College, Srinagar, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Parvaiz Ahmad

  2. Department of Botany, Anantnag College, Srinagar, Jammu und Kashmir, India

    Mohd Rafiq Wani

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Delmail, D., Labrousse, P. (2014). Heavy-Metal Attack on Freshwater Side: Physiological Defense Strategies of Macrophytes and Ecotoxicological Ops. In: Ahmad, P., Wani, M. (eds) Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies in Plants Under Changing Environment. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8600-8_2

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