Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diagnosis of Celiac Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Celiac Disease

Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

  • 3363 Accesses

Abstract

Patients with celiac disease (CD) can have a variety of different presenting symptoms, ranging from features of intestinal malabsorption to nonclassical features, such as elevated transaminases or osteoporosis, to a silent form of the disease in which villous atrophy is discovered in asymptomatic patients [1, 2]. The diagnosis of CD is currently made through a combination of serological, genetic, and endoscopic testing. The aim of this chapter is to help identify the appropriate patient to test for CD, to review the different serological tests available for the diagnosis of CD, and to discuss the role of genetic testing and endoscopy in the diagnosis of this disease. The diagnosis of CD in children will also be reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Green PH, Cellier C. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(17):1731–43. PubMed PMID: 17960014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF. American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(6):1981–2002. PubMed PMID: 17087937.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rubio-Tapia A, Ludvigsson JF, Brantner TL, Murray JA, Everhart JE. The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(10):1538–44. quiz 7, 45. PubMed PMID: 22850429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Murray JA, Van Dyke C, Plevak MF, Dierkhising RA, Zinsmeister AR, Melton 3rd LJ. Trends in the identification and clinical features of celiac disease in a North American community, 1950-2001. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;1(1):19–27. PubMed PMID: 15017513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Catassi C, Kryszak D, Bhatti B, Sturgeon C, Helzlsouer K, Clipp SL, et al. Natural history of celiac disease autoimmunity in a USA cohort followed since 1974. Ann Med. 2010;42(7):530–8. PubMed PMID: 20868314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ludvigsson JF, Leffler DA, Bai JC, Biagi F, Fasano A, Green PH, et al. The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. Gut. 2013;62(1):43–52. PubMed PMID: 22345659. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3440559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rampertab SD, Pooran N, Brar P, Singh P, Green PH. Trends in the presentation of celiac disease. Am J Med. 2006;119(4):355. e9–14. PubMed PMID: 16564784.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sainsbury A, Sanders DS, Ford AC. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in patients with celiac disease: a Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenter Hepatol. 2013;11:359–65. PubMed PMID: 23246645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ford AC, Chey WD, Talley NJ, Malhotra A, Spiegel BM, Moayyedi P. Yield of diagnostic tests for celiac disease in individuals with symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(7):651–8. PMID 19364994.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Admou B, Essaadouni L, Krati K, Zaher K, Sbihi M, Chabaa L, et al. Atypical celiac disease: from recognizing to managing. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:637187. PubMed PMID: 22811701. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3395124.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hernandez L, Green PH. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2006;8(5):383–9. PubMed PMID: 16968605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Freeman HJ. Risk factors in familial forms of celiac disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(15):1828–31. PubMed PMID: 20397258. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2856821.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dogan Y, Yildirmaz S, Ozercan IH. Prevalence of celiac disease among first-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(2):205–8. PubMed PMID: 22241509.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Volta U, Rodrigo L, Granito A, Petrolini N, Muratori P, Muratori L, et al. Celiac disease in autoimmune cholestatic liver disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(10):2609–13. PubMed PMID: 12385447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Aktay AN, Lee PC, Kumar V, Parton E, Wyatt DT, Werlin SL. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of celiac disease in juvenile diabetes in Wisconsin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33(4):462–5. PubMed PMID: 11698764.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cronin CC, Feighery A, Ferriss JB, Liddy C, Shanahan F, Feighery C. High prevalence of celiac disease among patients with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(12):2210–2. PubMed PMID: 9399754.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cuoco L, Certo M, Jorizzo RA, De Vitis I, Tursi A, Papa A, et al. Prevalence and early diagnosis of coeliac disease in autoimmune thyroid disorders. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;31(4):283–7. PubMed PMID: 10425571.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Aggarwal S, Lebwohl B, Green PH. Screening for celiac disease in average-risk and high-risk populations. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012;5(1):37–47. PubMed PMID: 22282707. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3263981.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on Celiac Disease, June 28–30, 2004. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(4 Suppl 1):S1–9. PubMed PMID: 15825115.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lebwohl B, Rubio-Tapia A, Assiri A, Newland C, Guandalini S. Diagnosis of celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2012;22(4):661–77. PubMed PMID: 23083985.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hershcovici T, Leshno M, Goldin E, Shamir R, Israeli E. Cost effectiveness of mass screening for coeliac disease is determined by time-delay to diagnosis and quality of life on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(8):901–10. PubMed PMID: 20096017.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Leffler DA, Schuppan D. Update on serologic testing in celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(12):2520–4. PubMed PMID: 21131921.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. O’Farrelly C, Kelly J, Hekkens W, Bradley B, Thompson A, Feighery C, et al. Alpha gliadin antibody levels: a serological test for coeliac disease. Br Med J. 1983;286(6383):2007–10. PubMed PMID: 6409205. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1548488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rostom A, Dube C, Cranney A, Saloojee N, Sy R, Garritty C, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of serologic tests for celiac disease: a systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2005;128(4 Suppl 1):S38–46. PubMed PMID: 15825125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hill ID. What are the sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests for celiac disease? Do sensitivity and specificity vary in different populations? Gastroenterology. 2005;128(4 Suppl 1):S25–32. PubMed PMID: 15825123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Naiyer AJ, Hernandez L, Ciaccio EJ, Papadakis K, Manavalan JS, Bhagat G, et al. Comparison of commercially available serologic kits for the detection of celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(3):225–32. PubMed PMID: 18724250.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schuppan D, Junker Y, Barisani D. Celiac disease: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(6):1912–33. PubMed PMID: 19766641.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Prince HE. Evaluation of the INOVA diagnostics enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for measuring serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA to deamidated gliadin peptides. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13(1):150–1. PubMed PMID: 16426013. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1356631.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Volta U, Granito A, Parisi C, Fabbri A, Fiorini E, Piscaglia M, et al. Deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies as a routine test for celiac disease: a prospective analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44(3):186–90. PubMed PMID: 20042872.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rostami K, Kerckhaert J, Tiemessen R, von Blomberg BM, Meijer JW, Mulder CJ. Sensitivity of antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies in untreated celiac disease: disappointing in clinical practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(4):888–94. PubMed PMID: 10201452.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Fasano A, Catassi C. Clinical practice. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(25):2419–26. PubMed PMID: 23252527.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tesei N, Sugai E, Vazquez H, Smecuol E, Niveloni S, Mazure R, et al. Antibodies to human recombinant tissue transglutaminase may detect coeliac disease patients undiagnosed by endomysial antibodies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17(11):1415–23. PubMed PMID: 12786636.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dieterich W, Ehnis T, Bauer M, Donner P, Volta U, Riecken EO, et al. Identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of celiac disease. Nat Med. 1997;3(7):797–801. PubMed PMID: 9212111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zintzaras E, Germenis AE. Performance of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase for the diagnosis of celiac disease: meta-analysis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13(2):187–92. PubMed PMID: 16467324. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1391934.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Raivio T, Korponay-Szabo I, Collin P, Laurila K, Huhtala H, Kaartinen T, et al. Performance of a new rapid whole blood coeliac test in adult patients with low prevalence of endomysial antibodies. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(12):1057–63. PubMed PMID: 17983878.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Alarida K, Harown J, Ahmaida A, Marinelli L, Venturini C, Kodermaz G, et al. Coeliac disease in Libyan children: a screening study based on the rapid determination of anti-transglutaminase antibodies. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(9):688–91. PubMed PMID: 21310672.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Raivio T, Kaukinen K, Nemes E, Laurila K, Collin P, Kovacs JB, et al. Self transglutaminase-based rapid coeliac disease antibody detection by a lateral flow method. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(1):147–54. PubMed PMID: 16803613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yel L. Selective IgA deficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2010;30(1):10–6. PubMed PMID: 20101521. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2821513.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cunningham-Rundles C. Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2001;21(5):303–9. PubMed PMID: 11720003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cataldo F, Marino V, Ventura A, Bottaro G, Corazza GR. Prevalence and clinical features of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in coeliac disease: an Italian multicentre study. Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology (SIGEP) and “Club del Tenue” Working Groups on Coeliac Disease. Gut. 1998;42(3):362–5. PubMed PMID: 9577342. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1727042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Chow MA, Lebwohl B, Reilly NR, Green PH. Immunoglobulin a deficiency in celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46(10):850–4. PubMed PMID: 22476042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Dahlbom I, Olsson M, Forooz NK, Sjoholm AG, Truedsson L, Hansson T. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies used as markers for IgA-deficient celiac disease patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005;12(2):254–8. PubMed PMID: 15699419. Pubmed Central PMCID: 549312.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Sinclair D, Saas M, Turk A, Goble M, Kerr D. Do we need to measure total serum IgA to exclude IgA deficiency in coeliac disease? J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(7):736–9. PubMed PMID: 16489174. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1860425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sollid LM. Molecular basis of celiac disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:53–81. PubMed PMID: 10837052.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hadithi M, von Blomberg BM, Crusius JB, Bloemena E, Kostense PJ, Meijer JW, et al. Accuracy of serologic tests and HLA-DQ typing for diagnosing celiac disease. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(5):294–302. PubMed PMID: 17785484.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Oberhuber G, Granditsch G, Vogelsang H. The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;11(10):1185–94. PubMed PMID: 10524652.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Rubin CE, Brandborg LL, Phelps PC, Taylor Jr HC. Studies of celiac disease. I. The apparent identical and specific nature of the duodenal and proximal jejunal lesion in celiac disease and idiopathic sprue. Gastroenterology. 1960;38:28–49. PubMed PMID: 14439871.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Marsh MN. Gluten, major histocompatibility complex, and the small intestine. A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity (‘celiac sprue’). Gastroenterology. 1992;102(1):330–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Marsh MN, Crowe PT. Morphology of the mucosal lesion in gluten sensitivity. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1995;9(2):273–93. PubMed PMID: 7549028.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ferguson A, Arranz E, O’Mahony S. Clinical and pathological spectrum of coeliac disease–active, silent, latent, potential. Gut. 1993;34(2):150–1. PubMed PMID: 8432463. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1373959.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Shah VH, Rotterdam H, Kotler DP, Fasano A, Green PH. All that scallops is not celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51(6):717–20. PubMed PMID: 10840307.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Dickey W, Hughes D. Disappointing sensitivity of endoscopic markers for villous atrophy in a high-risk population: implications for celiac disease diagnosis during routine endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(7):2126–8. PubMed PMID: 11467643.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Harewood GC, Holub JL, Lieberman DA. Variation in small bowel biopsy performance among diverse endoscopy settings: results from a national endoscopic database. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(9):1790–4. PubMed PMID: 15330920.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lebwohl B, Tennyson CA, Holub JL, Lieberman DA, Neugut AI, Green PH. Sex and racial disparities in duodenal biopsy to evaluate for celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(4):779–85. PubMed PMID: 22732871. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3445758.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Fasano A, Berti I, Gerarduzzi T, Not T, Colletti RB, Drago S, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(3):286–92. PubMed PMID: 12578508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mukherjee R, Egbuna I, Brar P, Hernandez L, McMahon DJ, Shane EJ, et al. Celiac disease: similar presentations in the elderly and young adults. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(11):3147–53. PubMed PMID: 20165980.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kurien M, Evans KE, Hopper AD, Hale MF, Cross SS, Sanders DS. Duodenal bulb biopsies for diagnosing adult celiac disease: is there an optimal biopsy site? Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75(6):1190–6. PubMed PMID: 22624810.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Evans KE, Aziz I, Cross SS, Sahota GR, Hopper AD, Hadjivassiliou M, et al. A prospective study of duodenal bulb biopsy in newly diagnosed and established adult celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(10):1837–42. PubMed PMID: 21606978.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gonzalez S, Gupta A, Cheng J, Tennyson C, Lewis SK, Bhagat G, et al. Prospective study of the role of duodenal bulb biopsies in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72(4):758–65. PubMed PMID: 20883853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hopper AD, Cross SS, Sanders DS. Patchy villous atrophy in adult patients with suspected gluten-sensitive enteropathy: is a multiple duodenal biopsy strategy appropriate? Endoscopy. 2008;40(3):219–24. PubMed PMID: 18058655.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Pais WP, Duerksen DR, Pettigrew NM, Bernstein CN. How many duodenal biopsy specimens are required to make a diagnosis of celiac disease? Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67(7):1082–7. PubMed PMID: 18308317.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lebwohl B, Kapel RC, Neugut AI, Green PH, Genta RM. Adherence to biopsy guidelines increases celiac disease diagnosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(1):103–9. PubMed PMID: 21601201.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Arguelles-Grande C, Tennyson CA, Lewis SK, Green PH, Bhagat G. Variability in small bowel histopathology reporting between different pathology practice settings: impact on the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Clin Pathol. 2012;65(3):242–7. PubMed PMID: 22081783.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity: sense or sensibility? Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(4):309–11. PubMed PMID: 22351716.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Rubio-Tapia A, Rahim MW, See JA, Lahr BD, Wu TT, Murray JA. Mucosal recovery and mortality in adults with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(6):1412–20. PubMed PMID: 20145607. Pubmed Central PMCID: 2881171.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Iltanen S, Holm K, Partanen J, Laippala P, Maki M. Increased density of jejunal gammadelta + T cells in patients having normal mucosa – marker of operative autoimmune mechanisms? Autoimmunity. 1999;29(3):179–87. PubMed PMID: 10433098.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tuire I, Marja-Leena L, Teea S, Katri H, Jukka P, Paivi S, et al. Persistent duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis despite a long-term strict gluten-free diet in celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(10):1563–9. PubMed PMID: 22825364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Leffler D, Schuppan D, Pallav K, Najarian R, Goldsmith JD, Hansen J, et al. Kinetics of the histological, serological and symptomatic responses to gluten challenge in adults with coeliac disease. Gut. 2013;62:996–1004. PubMed PMID: 22619366. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3525791.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Hill ID, Dirks MH, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Fasano A, Guandalini S, et al. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40(1):1–19. PubMed PMID: 15625418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Carlsson A, Axelsson I, Borulf S, Bredberg A, Forslund M, Lindberg B, et al. Prevalence of IgA-antigliadin antibodies and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies related to celiac disease in children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics. 1998;101(2):272–5. PubMed PMID: 9445503.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Barbato M, Maiella G, Di Camillo C, Guida S, Valitutti F, Lastrucci G, et al. The anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies unmask celiac disease in small children with chronic diarrhoea. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(6):465–9. PubMed PMID: 21257356.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Monzani A, Rapa A, Fonio P, Tognato E, Panigati L, Oderda G. Use of deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies to monitor diet compliance in childhood celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53(1):55–60. PubMed PMID: 21694536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Mubarak A, Wolters VM, Gerritsen SA, Gmelig-Meyling FH, Ten Kate FJ, Houwen RH. A biopsy is not always necessary to diagnose celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52(5):554–7. PubMed PMID: 21240025.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Barker CC, Mitton C, Jevon G, Mock T. Can tissue transglutaminase antibody titers replace small-bowel biopsy to diagnose celiac disease in select pediatric populations? Pediatrics. 2005;115(5):1341–6. PubMed PMID: 15867045.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Alessio MG, Tonutti E, Brusca I, Radice A, Licini L, Sonzogni A, et al. Correlation between IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody ratio and histological finding in celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(1):44–9. PubMed PMID: 22197946.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabo IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, et al. European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(1):136–60. PubMed PMID: 22197856.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Farrell RJ, Kelly CP. Celiac disease and refractory celiac disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, editors. Sleisenger and Fordtrans gastrointestinal and liver disease – pathophysiology diagnosis management. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Anna Tavakkoli M.D.

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Columbia University Medical Center, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Benjamin Lebwohl M.D., M.S.

Authors
  1. Anna Tavakkoli M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Benjamin Lebwohl M.D., M.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin Lebwohl M.D., M.S. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    S. Devi Rampertab

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Gerard E. Mullin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tavakkoli, A., Lebwohl, B. (2014). Diagnosis of Celiac Disease. In: Rampertab, S., Mullin, G. (eds) Celiac Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8560-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8560-5_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8559-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8560-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation