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Myopia: Ocular and Systemic Disease

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Pathologic Myopia

Abstract

The study of high axial myopia in the setting of antecedent, concurrent, or subsequent ocular disorders, systemic diseases, hereditary syndromes, and systemic drug use may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of myopia and even set the occasion for the development of treatment. Although early recognition of mild myopic changes that commonly arise with certain ocular and systemic factors may limit the burden of vision loss with simple refractive correction, the recognition of high and pathologic axial myopia is important since there is a risk of permanent vision loss from vision-threatening sequelae. Therefore, the study of cases of high axial myopia, and specifically those cases in which there may be a causal relationship, is of particular interest. Additionally, recognition of the tendency of some syndromes to be associated with high myopia heightens the clinical suspicion for detection of severe refractive errors in patients who may be preverbal or unable to effectively communicate. Clinical studies and basic scientific discoveries oftentimes mirror and motivate each other. In this chapter, we detail clinical observations and studies that have proven or may in the future prove themselves relevant to current thoughts on emmetropization and animal models of myopia discussed more thoroughly elsewhere in this book.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165th Street, Suite 222A, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Quan V. Hoang MD, PhD & Jamie A. Leong MS

  2. Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Quan V. Hoang MD, PhD & Roberto Gallego-Pinazo MD, PhD

  3. LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Quan V. Hoang MD, PhD & Roberto Gallego-Pinazo MD, PhD

  4. Unit of Macular Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Bulevar Sur, s/n, Valencia, VLC, 46001, Spain

    Roberto Gallego-Pinazo MD, PhD

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  1. Quan V. Hoang MD, PhD
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  3. Roberto Gallego-Pinazo MD, PhD
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  1. Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, USA

    Richard F. Spaide

  2. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kyoko Ohno-Matsui

  3. Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Columbia University School of Medicine, LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, New York, New York, USA

    Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

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Hoang, Q.V., Leong, J.A., Gallego-Pinazo, R. (2014). Myopia: Ocular and Systemic Disease. In: Spaide, R., Ohno-Matsui, K., Yannuzzi, L. (eds) Pathologic Myopia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8338-0_23

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