Abstract
Mammography is considered the preferred technique for early detection of the breast cancer. Due the similarity on the elemental composition of the normal and abnormal tissues that comprise the breast, and also due the small size of the breast nodules in the early stage, the optimization of image quality (IQ) and dose in mammography is a critical factor [69].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACR. (1999). Mammography quality control manual. Reston: American College of Radiology.
Almeida, C. D., Coutinho, C. M. C., Dantas, B. M., Peixoto, J. E., & Koch, H. A. (2012). A new mammography dosimetric phantom. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 151, 196–198.
Argo, W. P., Hintenlang, K., & Hintenlang, A. D. E. (2004). A tissue-equivalent phantom series for mammography dosimetry. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 5, 112–119.
Baldelli, P., Bravin, A., Di Maggio, C., Gennaro, G., Sarnelli, A., Taibi, A., et al. (2006). Evaluation of the minimum iodine concentration for contrast-enhanced subtraction mammography. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 51, 4233–4251.
Baldelli, P., Phelan, N., & Egan, G. (2010). Investigation of the effect of anode/filter materials on the dose and image quality of a digital mammography system based on an amorphous selenium flat panel detector. British Journal of Radiology, 83, 290–295.
Barnes, G. T., & Hendrick, R. E. (1994). Mammography accreditation and equipment performance. Radiographics, 14, 129–138.
Berns, E. A., Hendrick, R. E., & Cutter, G. R. (2003). Optimization of technique factors for a silicon diode array full-field digital mammography system and comparison to screen-film mammography with matched average glandular dose. Medical Physics, 30, 334–340.
Bijkerk, K. R., Lindeijer, J. M., & Thijssen, M. A. O. P. (1993). The CDMAM phantom: A contrast-detail phantom specifically for mammography. Radiology, 185, 395–399.
Bliznakova, K., Kolitsi, Z., Speller, R. D., Horrocks, J. A., Tromba, G., & Pallikarakis, N. (2010). Evaluation of digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms using synchrotron radiation in standard geometry. Medical Physics, 37, 1893–1903.
Boone, J. M. (1999). Glandular breast dose for monoenergetic and high-energy x-ray beams: Monte Carlo assessment. Radiology, 213, 23–37.
Caldwell, C. B., & Yaffe, M. J. (1990). Development of an anthropomorphic breast phantom. Medical Physics, 17, 273–280.
Carton, A. K., Bakic, P., Ullberg, C., Derand, H., & Maidment, A. D. A. (2011). Development of a physical 3D anthropomorphic breast phantom. Medical Physics, 38, 891–896.
Carton, A. K., Gavenonis, S. C., Currivan, J. A., Conant, E. F., Schnall, M. D., & Maidment, A. D. A. (2010). Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital breast tomosynthesis—a feasibility study. British Journal of Radiology, 83, 344–350.
Chakraborty, D. P., & Eckert, M. P. (1995). Quantitative versus subjective evaluation of mammography accreditation phantom images. Medical Physics, 22, 133–143.
Cohen, G., McDaniel, D. L., & Wagner, L. K. (1984). Analysis of variations in contrast-detail experiments. Medical Physics, 11, 469–473.
Cowen, A. R., Brettle, D. S., Coleman, N. J., & Parkin, G. J. S. (1992). A preliminary investigation of the imaging performance of photostimulable phosphor computed radiography using a new design of mammographic quality-control test object. British Journal of Radiology, 65, 528–535.
Cowen, A. R., & Coleman, N. J. (1991). Physics in diagnostic radiology. Design of test objects and phantoms for quality control in mammographic screening. York, UK, IPEM. IPSM Report 61.
Cunha, D. M., Tomal, A., & Poletti, M. E. (2012). Optimization of x-ray spectra in digital mammography through Monte Carlo simulations. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 57, 1919–1935.
Dance, D. R. (1990). Monte Carlo calculation of conversion factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 35, 1211–1219.
Dance, D. R., Skinner, C. L., & Carlsson, G. A. (1999). Breast dosimetry. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 50, 185–203.
Darambara, D. G., Taibi, A., & Speller, R. D. (2002). Image-quality performance of an a-Si: H-based X-ray imaging system for digital mammography. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physical Research Section A, 477, 521–526.
DeWerd, L. A., Wochos, J., & Cameron, J. (1979). ACR phantom based upon a random phantom “Wisconsin mammogrpahy phantoms”. In W. Logan & E. P. Muntz (Eds.), Reduced dose mammography. New York: Masson.
DeWerd, L. A., Micka, J. A., Laird, R. W., Pearson, D. W., O’Brien, M., & Lamperti, P. (2002). The effect of spectra on calibration and measurement with mammographic ionization chambers. Medical Physics, 29, 2649–2654.
Dougherty, G. (1998). Computerized evaluation of mammographic image quality using phantom images. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 22, 365–373.
EC (1996). European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images. EUR 16260. Luxembourg: European Commission.
EC (2006). European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Mammography Screening. Report EUR 14821. Luxembourg: European Commission.
Egan, R. L., & Fenn, J. O. (1968). Phantoms for evaluating mammography techniques and roentgenographic detail. American Journal of Roentgenology, 102, 936–939.
Faulkner, K., & Law, J. (1994). A comparison of mammographic phantoms. Brit J Radiol, 67, 174–180.
Fitzgerald, M., White, D. R., White, E., & Young, J. (1981). Mammographic practice and dosimetry in Britain. British Journal of Radiology, 54, 212–220.
Freed, M., Badal, A., Jennings, R. J., de las Heras, H., Myers, K. J., & Badano, A. (2011). X-ray properties of an anthropomorphic breast phantom for MRI and x-ray imaging. Phys Med Biol, 56, 3513–3533.
Geise, R. A., & Palchevsky, A. (1996). Composition of mammographic phantom materials. Radiology, 198, 347–350.
Gennaro, G., Ferro, F., Contento, G., Fornasin, F., & di Maggio, C. (2007). Automated analysis of phantom images for the evaluation of long-term reproducibility in digital mammography. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 52, 1387–1407.
Hammerstein, G. R., Miller, D. W., White, D. R., Masterson, M. E., Woodard, H. Q., & Laughlin, J. S. (1979). Absorbed radiation-dose in mammography. Radiology, 130, 485–491.
Hendrick, R. E. (1992). Quality assurance in mammography—accreditation, legislation, and compliance with quality assurance standards. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 30, 243–255.
Hessler, C., Depeursinge, C., Grecescu, M., Pochon, Y., Raimondi, S., & Valley, J. F. (1985). Objective assessment of mammography systems: 1. Method. Radiology, 156, 215–219.
Huda, W., Qu, G. Y., Jing, Z. X., Steinbach, B. G., & Honeyman, J. C. (2000). How does observer training affect imaging performance in digital mammography? In E. A. Krupinski (Ed.), Medical imaging 2000: Image perception and performance (Vol. 1, pp. 259–266).
Huda, W., Sajewicz, A. M., Ogden, K. M., Scalzetti, E. M., & Dance, D. R. (2002). How good is the ACR accreditation phantom for assessing image quality in digital mammography? Academic Radiology, 9, 764–772.
IAEA (2007). Dosimetry in diagnostic radiology: An international code of practice, technical reports series No. 457. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency.
IAEA (2011). Quality assurance programme for digital mammography. IAEA human health series No 17. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
ICRU. (1989). Tissue substitutes in radiation dosimetry and measurement. Bethesda: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements.
Kimme-Smith, C., Bassett, L. W., & Gold, R. H. (1989). A review of mammography test objects for the calibration of resolution, contrast, and exposure. Medical Physics, 16, 758–765.
Kosanetzky, J., Knoerr, B., Harding, G., & Neitzel, U. (1987). X-ray diffraction measurements of some plastic materials and body tissues. Medical Physics, 14, 526–532.
Kotre, C. J., & Porter, D. J. T. (2005). A printed image quality test phantom for mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 78, 746–748.
Law, J. (1991). A new phantom for mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 64, 116–120.
Law, J., Faulkner, K., & Smith, S. (1989). Variation of image quality with x-ray tube potential in mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 62, 192–192.
Liu, X., Lai, C.-J., Whitman, G. J., Geiser, W. R., Shen, Y., Yi, Y., et al. (2011). Effects of exposure equalization on image signal-to-noise ratios in digital mammography: A simulation study with an anthropomorphic breast phantom. Medical Physics, 38, 6489–6501.
McLean, D., Eckert, M., Heard, R., & Chan, W. (1997). Review of the first 50 cases completed by the RACR mammography QA programme: Phantom image quality, processor control and dose considerations. Australasian Radiology, 41, 387–391.
McLelland, R., Hendrick, R. E., Zinninger, M. D., & Wilcox, P. A. (1991). The American-college of radiology mammography accreditation program. American Journal of Roentgenology, 157, 473–479.
NCRP (2004). A Guide to Mammography and Other Breast Imaging Procedures, NCRP Report 149. Bethesda: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements.
Ng, K. H., DeWerd, L. A., & Schmidt, R. C. (2000). Mammographic image quality and exposure in South East Asia. Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences, 23, 135–137.
Ng, K. H., Aus, R. J., DeWerd, L. A., & Vetter, J. R. (1997). Entrance skin exposure and mean glandular dose: Effect of scatter and field gradient at mammography. Radiology, 205, 395–398.
Obenauer, S., Hermann, K. P., & Grabbe, E. (2003). Dose reduction in full-field digital mammography: An anthropomorphic breast phantom study. British Journal of Radiology, 76, 478–482.
Oliveira, M., Nogueira, M. S., Guedes, E., Andrade, M. C., Peixoto, J. E., Joana, G. S., et al. (2007). Average glandular dose and phantom image quality in mammography. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physical Research Section A, 580, 574–577.
Pachoud, M., Lepori, D., Valley, J. F., & Verdun, F. R. (2004). A new test phantom with different breast tissue compositions for image quality assessment in conventional and digital mammography. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 49, 5267–5281.
Park, S., Liu, H., Jennings, R., Leimbach, R., Kyprianou, I., Badanoa, A., et al. (2009). A task-based evaluation method for x-ray breast imaging systems using variable-background phantoms. Proceedings of SPIE, 7258, L1–L9.
Poletti, M. E., Gonçalves, O. D., & Mazzaro, I. (2002). X-ray scattering from human breast tissues and breast-equivalent materials. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 47, 47–63.
Prionas, N. D., Burkett, G. W., McKenney, S. E., Chen, L., Stern, R. L., & Boone, J. M. (2012). Development of a patient-specific two-compartment anthropomorphic breast phantom. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 57, 4293–4307.
Ranger, N. T., Lo, J. Y., & Samei, E. (2010). A technique optimization protocol and the potential for dose reduction in digital mammography. Medical Physics, 37, 962–969.
Robson, K. J., Kotre, C. J., & Faulkner, K. (1995). The use of a contrast-detail test object in the optimization of optical-density in mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 68, 277–282.
Sharma, R., Sharma, S. D., & Mayya, Y. S. (2012). A survey on performance status of mammography machines: Image quality and dosimetry studies using a standard mammography imaging phantom. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 150, 325–333.
Sharma, R., Sharma, S. D., Mayya, Y. S., & Chourasiya, G. (2012). Mammography dosimetry using an in-house developed polymethyl methacrylate phantom. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 151, 379–385.
Song, S. E., Seo, B. K., Yie, A., Ku, B. K., Kim, H.-Y., Cho, K. R., et al. (2012). Which phantom is better for assessing the image quality in full-field digital mammography? American college of radiology accreditation phantom versus digital mammography accreditation phantom. Korean Journal of Radiology, 13, 776–783.
Suryanarayanan, S., Karellas, A., Vedantham, S., Sechopoulos, I., & D’Orsi, C. J. (2007). Detection of simulated microcalcifications in a phantom with digital mammography: Effect of pixel size. Radiology, 244, 130–137.
Taibi, A., Fabbri, S., Baldelli, P., di Maggio, C., Gennaro, G., Marziani, M., et al. (2003). Dual-energy imaging in full-field digital mammography: A phantom study. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 48, 1945–1956.
Theodorakou, C., Horrocks, J. A., Marshall, N. W., & Speller, R. D. (2004). A novel method for producing x-ray test objects and phantoms. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 49, 1423–1438.
Thompson, S. R., & Faulkner, K. (1991). A phantom for the measurement of contrast detail performance in film-screen mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 64, 1049–1055.
Tomal, A., Cunha, D. M., & Poletti, M. E. (2013). Optimal x-ray spectra selection in digital mammography: A semi-analytical study. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 60, 728–734.
White, D. R. (1977). Formulation of tissue substitute materials using basic interaction data. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 22, 889–899.
White, D. R., & Tucker, A. K. (1980). A test object for assessing image quality in mammography. British Journal of Radiology, 53, 331–335.
Woodard, H. Q., & White, D. R. (1986). The composition of body-tissues. British Journal of Radiology, 59, 1209–1219.
Wu, X., Barnes, G. T., & Tucker, D. M. (1991). Spectral dependence of glandular tissue dose in screen-film mammography. Radiology, 176, 143–148.
Yaffe, M. J., Boone, J. M., Packard, N., Alonzo-Proulx, O., Huang, S.-Y., Peressotti, C. L., et al. (2009). The myth of the 50-50 breast. Medical Physics, 36, 5437–5443.
Yaffe, M. J., Byng, J. W., Caldwell, C. B., & Bennett, N. R. (1993). Anthropomorphic radiological phantoms for mammography. Medical Progress Through Technology, 19, 23–30.
Young, K. C., & Ramsdale, M. L. (1993). Evaluation of mammography image quality phantoms. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 49, 171–173.
Young, K. C., Ramsdale, M. L., Bignell, F. (1998). Review of dosimetric methods for mammography in the UK breast screening programme. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 80, 183–186.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tomal, A. (2014). Mammography Phantoms. In: DeWerd, L., Kissick, M. (eds) The Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8304-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8304-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8303-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8304-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)