Skip to main content

Promoting Environmental Health in the Arab American Community

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans
  • 1671 Accesses

Abstract

Many Arab American immigrants were born in countries that did not enforce laws and regulations related to environmental health and safety issues. Thus, they were not exposed to environmental health and safety programs during the mandatory primary years of schooling in their native countries. Many of them immigrated to North America without an awareness of healthy lifestyle practices. This chapter describes how Arab American community leaders in the field of environmental health can collaborate with the policy and decision makers who are responsible for approving programs to enhance healthy lifestyle practices in Arab Americans. When nonprofit community organizations and clubs are willing to collaborate with researchers to conduct pilot studies, they will be in a better position to make recommendations to policy and decision makers who can then implement these recommendations. The goals of these endeavors are to achieve healthy living environments and greater productivity not only for Arab Americans but for Americans overall.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel-Khaleq, A. S. A. M. J., & Jamil, H. (1996). A study of biological monitoring among electroplating Jordanian workers exposed to chromium and some occupational health hazards. Journal of Community Medicine Iraq, 9, 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, S. Y., & Abraham, N. (Eds.). (1983). Arabs in the New world: Studies on Arab-American communities. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, N., & Shryock, A. (Eds.). (2000). Arab Detroit: From margin to main-stream. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, D. A., McLaughlin, T. J., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006). Job performance deficits due to depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1569–1576.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ai, A., Peterson, C., & Ubelhor, D. (2002). War-related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 157–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ajzan, J. K., Jamil, H., & Tman, W. (1990). Lead in teeth of a sample population of Baghdad. Journal of Community Medicine, 3, 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ani, J. K. J., & Jamil, H. (1991). Epidemiological study of injured people in road traffic accidents in Baghdad City. Journal of Community Medicine., 4, 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alim, T. N., Graves, E., & Mellman, T. A. (2006). Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in an African-American primary care population. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98, 1630–1636.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Issa, I. (Ed.) (2000). Al-Junun: Mental Illness in the Islamic World. Madison, J. Nervous & Mental Disease. 188, 475. Retrieved April 2011, from http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/fulltext/2000/07000/al_junun__mental_illness_in_the_islamic_world.21.aspx

  • Al-Omari, H., & Scheibmeir, M. (2009). Arab Americans’ acculturation and tobacco smoking. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 20, 227–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shamma, K. J., Ismall, D. K., & Jamil, H. (1985). Chromium concentrations in Iraqi tanneries. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 28, 9–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shammary, M. A., & Jamil, H. (1992). Mercury exposure in Chloralkali Factory. Journal of Community Medicine, 5, 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Tawil, N. G., Al-Shamma, K. J., Ismal, D. K., Fakhre, Z. M., & Jamil, H. (1988). Chromium dermatitis among workers in the tanning industry in Baghdad. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 30, 307–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Timimi, D. J., Jamil, H., & Abu-Tommam, A. K. (1988). Effect of traffic and lead absorption among children. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 30, 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Society of Hypertension. (2003). Public initiatives to improve the prevention, detection, and management of hypertension. Retrieved April 2011, from http://www.ash-us.org/documents/May-2007-JCH-Leadership-Message.pdf

  • Apfeldorf, W. J., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (Eds.). (2003). Late-life mood disorders (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arab American Institute. (2005). Arab American demographics. Retrieved September 27, 2005, from http://www.aaiusa.org/demographic.htm

  • Arab American Institute. (2010). Demographics. Retrieved October 19, 2010, from http://www.aaiusa.org/pages/demographics/, http://www.sadoun.net/forums/arabic-tv/18049-arab-americans-demographics.html

  • Arab American Institute. (2011). Arab American demographics. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_American & http://www.aaiusa.org/pages/census-2010

  • Arif, A. A., Delclos, G. L., & Serra, C. (2006). Occupational risk factors and asthma among health care. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63, 173–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnetz, J., Rofa, Y., Ventimiglia, M., Arnetz, B., & Jamil, H. (2013). Resilience as a protective factor against the development of psychopathology among refugees. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(3), 167–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aswad, M. M. A. (2001). Health survey of the Arab, Muslim, and Chaldean American communities in Michigan. Lansing Michigan Department of Community Health. Retrieved October 20, 2010, from http://www.naama.com/pdf/arab-chaldean-muslim-michigan-health-survey.pdf

  • Beasley, R., Crane, J., Lai, C. K., & Pearce, N. (2000). Prevalence and etiology of asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 105(2, Pt2), S466–S472.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D., & Mastrogianni, A. (2004). Globalization and mental disorders: overview with relation to depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 10–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braman, S. S. (2006). The global burden of asthma. Chest Journal, 130(1, Suppl), 4S–12S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brittingham, A., & de la Cruz, G. P. (2005). We the people of Arab ancestry in the United States. Washington DC: US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2010, from http://www.worldcat.org/title/we-the-people-of-arab-ancestry-in-the-united-states/oclc/63792315?referer=list_view

  • Brody, D. J., Pirkle, J. L., & Kramer, R. A. (1994). Blood lead levels in the US population: Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991). Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 277–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1990). Five critical processes for positive development. Discovering what families do. In D. Blankenhorn, S. Bayme, & J. B. Elshtain (Eds.), Rebuilding the Nest: A New Commitment to the American Family, Family Services America, Retrieved from http://www.montana.edu/www4h/process.html

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. International Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1643–1647). Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control. (2005). Blood lead levels—United States, 1999—2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control. (2008). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. National Center for Chronic Disease and Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss

  • Centers for Disease Control. (2009). Injury research. US department of health and human services. Centers for disease control and prevention. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/injury/ResearchAgenda/CDC_Injury_Research_Agenda-a.pdf

  • Chaudhuri, N. (2004). Interventions to improve children’s health by improving the housing environment. Review Environmental Health, 19(3–4), 197–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen Hubal, E. A., Sheldon, L. S., Burke, J. M., McCurdy, T. R., Berry, M. R., Rigas, M. L., et al. (2000). Children’s exposure assessment: A review of factors influencing children’s exposure, and the data available to characterize and assess that exposure. Environmental Health Perspective, 108, 475–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, M., & Rafferty, A. (2005). Health risk behaviors in the state of Michigan: 2004 behavioral risk factor survey (p. 2005). Lansing: Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Services Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowie, C. C., Rust, K. F., & Byrd-Hold, D. D. (2006). Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Diabetes Care, 29, 1263–1268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dallo, F. J., & James, S. A. (2000). Acculturation and blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chaldean-American women. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2(3), 145–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de la Cruz, G. P., & Brittingham, A. (2003). The Arab population 2000. US Department of Commerce; Economics and Statistics Administration. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion. (2005). Detroit river-western Lake Erie basin indicator project. INDICATOR: Lead Poisoning in Detroit, Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/med/grosseile_site/indicators/lead.html

  • Dorsey, S. M., Rodriguez, H. D., & Brathwaite, D. (2002). Are things really so different? A research finding of satisfaction, illness and depression in rural South African elderly. Journal of the Association of Black Nursing Faculty, 13, 41–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwairy, M. (2002). Foundations of psychosocial dynamic personality theory of collective people. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 343–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eggleston, P. A. (2000). Environmental causes of asthma in inner city children. The National Cooperative Inner City Asthma Study. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology Journal, 18, 311–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Islam, F. (1984). Some trans-cultural aspects of depression in Arab patients. Medical Journal of Islamic Word Academy of Sciences, 1, 48–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Khawaldeh, A. S., & Jamil, H. (1994). The association between blood presure, pulse rate & noise exposure. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 36, 657–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Sendiony, M. (1981). The effect of Islamic Sharia on behavioral disturbances in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Makkah: Makkah Printing and Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Environment Protective Agency (EPA). (1996). Toxic release inventory, office of toxic substances. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genesee County Health Department, (2003). Reports and health data. Arab American Health Survey Report, 2003. Michigan Genesee County Health Department. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.gchd.us/ReportsAndData/

  • Gilbert, P. A., & Khokhar, S. (2008). Changing dietary habits of ethnic groups in Europe and implications for health. Nutrition Reviews, 66, 203–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2008). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and practice (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, S. S., Khatta, M., & Friedmann, E. (2004). The influence of age, gender, and race on the prevalence of depression in heart failure patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43, 1542–1549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad, Y. Y., & Lummis, A. T. (1987). Islamic values in the United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, M. (1998). Sustainable community indicators trainer’s workshop. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/Training/Indicators/Cmmunty

  • Hassoun, R. (1995). A bioanthropological perspective of hypertension in Arab Americans in the metropolitan Detroit area. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatahet, W., Khosla, P., & Fungwe, T. V. (2002). Prevalence of risk factors to coronary heart disease in an Arab-American population in Southeast Michigan. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 53, 325–335.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermis, S. R., Mohammed, S., & Jamil, H. (1993). A comparative study of mortality in Iraq, 1978–79 and 1988–89, person variables. Journal of Community Medicine, 6, 119–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holguin, F., Mannino, D. M., Anto, J., Mott, J., Ford, E. S., & Teague, W. G. (2005). Country of birth as a risk factor for asthma among Mexican American. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 171, 103–108. doi:10.1164/recm.200402-143OC.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopps, H. C. (1976). The biologic bases for using hair and nail for analyses of trace elements. Science of the Total Environment, 7, 71–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, H. Y., Jamil, H., & Al-Sharbtti, S. (1996). Field survey on maternal health of Al-Rashidia Village, Baghdad. Journal of Community Medicine, 9, 90–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussien, H. A., & Jamil, H. (1992). The prevalence of contact dermatitis among male workers in an engineering factory. Journal of Community Medicine, 5, 75–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussien, H. A., & Jamil, H. (1993a). The prevalence of low back-pain among workers in an engineering factory. Journal of Community Medicine, 6, 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussien, H. A., & Jamil, H. (1993b). The prevalence rate of hypertension among a group of industrial population. Journal of Community Medicine, 6, 51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibai, A. M., Hwalla, N., & Adra, N. (2003). Prevalence and covariates of obesity in Lebanon: Findings from the first epidemiological study. Obesity Research, 11, 1353–1361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iraqi Society of Occupational Health and Safety (ISOHS). (1992). The Iraqi Society of Occupational Health and Safety webpage. Retrieved April 2011, from www.ISOHS.org

  • Jaber, L. A., Brown, M. B., & Hammad, A. (2003). Epidemiology of diabetes among Arab Americans. Diabetes Care, 26, 308–313.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaber, L. A., Slaughter, R. L., & Grunberger, G. (1995). Diabetes and related metabolic risk factors among Arab Americans. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 29, 573–576.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1982). Occupational health & safety at workplace in fourteen govern orates. Iraqi Science Nursing Journal, 1(1,2,3), 7–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1984). Accidents due to work in Iraq for fourteen years (1968–81). Iraqi Medical Journal, 32, 17–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1985a). Accidents due to work in textile factories-1984. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 27, 99–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1985b). Accident due to work in construction section. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 27, 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1986a). Accidents due to work in the electrical, mechanical & presses sector of labor work in Iraq. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 28, volume 2, 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1986b). Accidents due to work in the oil & petrochemical sector of labor in Iraq. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 28, volume 4, 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (1995). Field survey on health, social & environmental condition of people in Al-Buetha Village -Baghdad. Journal of Community Medicine, 8, 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H. (2003). Environment & people health. The Truth Magazine, 3(19), 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Abdulla, H., Al-Noorachi, I. A., & Saeed, M. K. (1983). Epidemiological study of accidents among primary school children in Baghdad during 1979–1980. Iraqi Medical Journal, 31, 40–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Ali, R. T. (1989). Work injuries in Al-Mishrak sulfur establishment. Journal of Community Medicine, 2, 143–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Al-Tawil, N. G., & Radhi, A. S. J. (1989). The prevalence of nickel dermatitis among females in Iraq. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 31(2), 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Al-Timimi, D. J., Al-Ajzan, J. K., & Al-Ghabban, S. (1991). Lead absorption in printing workers. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 33, 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Al-Timimi, D. J., Al-Ghabban, S. I., & Al-Niami, M. (1987). Lead absorption in battery workers. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 29, 211–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Al-Timimi, D. J., Al-Ghabban, S. I., & Qasim, N. (1987). Lead absorption in petrol filling station workers in Baghad City. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 29, 95–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Amen, S. M., & Farhoud, N. (1986). Road traffic accidents in Saddam City. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 28, 105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Arabiat, A. A. (1999). Driver safety and road accidents. Amman, Jordan: Amman Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Aziz, M. A. (1985). Industrial contact dermatitis among textile workers in 2 factories. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 27, 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Dallo, F., Fakhouri, M., Templin, T., Khoury, R., & Fakhouri, H. (2009). The prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions among Arab-, Chaldean-, and African-Americans in Southeast Michigan. Ethnicity & Disease Journal, 19, 293–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Fakhouri, M., Dallo, F., Templin, T., Khoury, R., & Fakhouri, H. (2008). Disparities in self-reported diabetes mellitus among Arab-, Chaldean-, and African- Americans in Southeast Michigan. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 10, 397–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Grzybowski, M., Hakim-Larson, J., Fakhouri, M., Sahutoglu, J., Khoury, R., et al. (2008). Factors associated with self-reported depression in Arab, Chaldean, and African Americans. Journal of Ethnicity & Disease, 18, 464–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Haboubi, G. (1992). Contact dermatitis among self-employed workers in Baghdad City. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 34, 363–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Haboubi, G., & Alrawi, Z. (1989). Prevalence of contact dermatitis among employees in Falloja Cement Plant. Journal of Community Medicine, 2(2), 137–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Haboubi, G., & Al-Tikriti, S. K. (1989). Epidemiological aspects of smoking habit among fourth grade male students at (8) colleges, University of Baghdad. Journal of Community Medicine, 2(2), 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Hakim-Larson, J., Farrag, M., Kafaji, T., Duqum, I., & Jamil, L. H. (2002). A retrospective study of Arab American mental health clients: Trauma and the Iraqi refugees. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 355–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Hakim-Larson, J., Farrag, M., Kafaji, T., Jamil, L. H., & Hammad, A. (2005). Medical complaints among Iraqi American refugees with mental disorders. Journal of Immigrant Health, 7, 145–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Hussen, H. (1989). Work injuries & cost in an engineering establishment in Iraq over a period of six years (1980–85). Journal of Community Medicine, 2, 45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Ismail, A. S. J. (1994). Field survey on health & environmental condition of Al-Shaha Village—Abo-Graib Baghdad. Journal of Community Medicine, 7, 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., & Jamil, L. H. (1994). Occupational diseases among hairdressers in Baghdad City. Journal of Community Medicine, 7, 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Janisse, J., Elsouhag, D., Fakhouri, M., Arnetz, J. E., & Arnetz, B. B. (2011). Do household smoking behaviors constitute a risk factor for hookah use? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13, 384–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Mukhlis, G. M., & Al-Tikriti, S. K. (1991). Epidemiological study on the habit of smoking among youth in Baghdad City. Journal of Community Medicine, 4(1), 15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Mukhlis, G. M., & Jamil, L. H. (1992). Epidemiological study on smoking habit among females in Baghdad City-1991. Journal of Community Medicine, 5, 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Mukliis, G. M., & Al-Habboubi, G. (1981). Epidemiological study of road traffic accidents in Baghdad area. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 23, 267–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Nassar-McMillan, S., & Lambert, R. G. (2006). An epidemiological study: Health assessment of Iraqi immigrants. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 4, 69–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Nassar-McMillan, S., Lambert, R., Wang, Y., Ager, J., & Arnetz, B. (2010). Pre-and post-displacement stressors and time of migration as related to self-rated health among Iraqi immigrants and refugees in Southeast Michigan. Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 26, 207–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Raymond, D., Fakhouri, M., Templin, T., Khoury, R., Fakhouri, H., et al. (2011). Self-reported asthma in Chaldean, Arab, and Blacks: Factors associated with asthma. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 13, 568–575. doi:10.1007/s10903-010-9390-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamil, H., Simpson, C. L., Upfal, M., Blessman, J. E., & Hammad, A. (2003). Characteristics that influence occupational health and afety knowledge among Arab American workers. The Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences, 3, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, N. (1995). Health profiles of Michigan populations of color. The Arab-American community in Detroit, Michigan. Lansing: Michigan Department of Public Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M., Nriagu, J., Hammad, A., Savoie, K., & Jamil, H. (2005). Asthma prevalence and severity in the Detroit area, Michigan. Journal of Immigrant Health, 7, 165–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M., Nriagu, J., Hammad, A., Savoie, K., & Jamil, H. (2008). Environmental risk factors, and hypertension among Arab Americans in Metro Detroit. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 12, 640–651. doi:10.1007/s10903-008-9205-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jumaian, A., Alhmoud, N., & Al-Shunnaq, S. (2004). Comparing views of medical employees and lay people towards stigma in mental health issues. Jordan Medical Journal, 38, 80–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junga, K. (2006). Residual risk for acute stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in primary care: Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 8, 492–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kayyali, R. (2006). The Arab Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kridli, S. A., Herman, W. H., Brown, M., Fakhouri, H., & Jaber, L. A. (2005). The epidemiology of diabetes and its risk factors among Chaldean Americans. Ethnicity & Disease, 15(1 Suppl 1), 30–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulwicki, A., & Dervartanian, H. (1995). Arab tobacco prevention and cessation project. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Community Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulwicki, A., & Rice, V. H. (2003). Arab American adolescent perceptions and experiences with smoking. Public Health Nursing, 20, 177–183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LeNoir, M. A. (1999). Asthma in inner cities. National American Association Journals, 91(8, Suppl), 1S–8S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Chang, H., Berndt, E. R., Irish, J. T., Lapitsky, L., et al. (2011). The clinical and occupational correlates of work productivity loss among employed patients with depression. Research in Nursing and Health, 34, 401–407. doi:10.1002/nur.20449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lethbridge-Cejku, M. R. D., & Vickerie, J. (2006). Summary health statistics for US adults: National Health Interview Survey 2004: National Center for Health Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, B. (1995). The Middle East. A brief history of the last 2000 years. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusser, H., Jorres, R., & Nowak, D. (1993). Effects of air pollution on the prevalence of asthma and allergy: Lessons from German reunification. Thorax, 48, 879–881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malvasi, M. G. (2006). Gale encyclopedia of US history. Arab Americans. Retrieved from http://www.answers.com/topic/arab-american

  • Meliker, J. R., Nriago, J. O., Hammad, A. S., Savoie, K. L., Jamil, H., & Devries, J. M. (2001). Spatial clustering of emergency department visits by asthmatic children in an urban area: Southwestern Detroit, Michigan. Ambulatory Child Health Journal, 7, 297–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MMWR/54, 513–516. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5420a5.htmApril

  • Mohammed, S., Hermis, S. R., & Jamil, H. (1993). A comparative study of mortality in Iraq 1978–79 and 1988–89, time & place variables. Journal of Community Medicine, 6, 127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorman, J. E., Rudd, R. A., Johnson, C. A., King, M., Minor, P., Bailey, C., et al. (2007). National surveillance for asthma: United State, 1980–2004. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 56(8), 1–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naff, A. (1985). Becoming American: The early Arab immigrant experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, P. E. (2006). Peripheral arterial disease and risk of cardiac death in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care, 29, 575–580.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O., Robins, T., Gary, L., Liggans, G., Davila, R., Supuwood, K., et al. (1999). Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in south-central Durban South Africa. European Journal of Epidemiology, 15, 747–755.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J., Senthamarai-Kannan, R., Jamil, H., Fakhori, M., & Korponic, S. (2011). Lead poisoning among Arab American and African American children in the Detroit metropolitan area, Michigan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 87, 238–244. doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0346-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orfalea, G. (2006). The Arab Americans: A history. Northhampton, MA: Olive Branch Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peele, P. B., & Tollerud, D. J. (2005). Depression and occupational injury: Results of a pilot investigation. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 424–427. doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000158700.50594.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrus, N. P., & Jamil, H. (1993). Fluoride absorption among workers of lamp factory. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 35, 223–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rana, J. S., Nieuwdorp, M., Jukema, J. W., & Kastelein, J. J. (2007). Cardiovascular metabolic syndrome—An interplay of, obesity, inflammation, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 9, 218–232. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00594.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Refugee Council US. (2011). Reports on asylum seekers, refugees, and IDPs. Retrieved April 2011, from http://www.rcusa.org/index.php?page=reports-on-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-idps

  • Rice, V. H. (2006). Nursing interventions for smoking cessation: Meta-analysis update. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 35, 147–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, V. H., & Kulwicki, A. (1992). Cigarette use among Arab American in the Detroit metropolitan area. Public Health Reports, 107, 589–594.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, V. H., Weglicki, L. S., Templin, T., Hammad, A., Jamil, H., & Kulwicki, A. (2006). Predictors of Arab American adolescent tobacco use. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52, 327–342.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riolo, S. A., Nguyen, T. A., & Greden, J. F. (2005). Prevalence of depression by race/ethnicity: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 998–1000.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rottem, M., Szyper-Kravitz, M., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2005). Atopy and asthma in migrants. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 136, 198–204. doi:10. 1159/000083894.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandel, M., & Wright, R. J. (2006). When home is where the stress is: Expanding the dimensions of housing that influence asthma morbidity. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91, 942–948. doi:10.1136/adc. 2006.098376.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savoie, K., & Nriagu, J. (1999). Air pollution health risk assessment of the Arab American community in Dearborn, Michigan. Dearborn, MI: US EPA, Region S, Air and Radiation Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scelfo, G. M., & Flegal, A. R. (2000). Lead in calcium supplements. Environmental Health Perspective, 108, 309–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafey, O. (2007). Health issues in the Arab American community. Global epidemiology and health hazards of tobacco use: Arab world patterns. Ethnicity & Disease, 17(2 Suppl 3), S3–S13. S13-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherina, M. S. (2002). The prevalence of depression among elderly patients attending a government primary care clinic. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, Special issue, 52–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibai, A. M., Hwalla, N., Adra, N., & Rahal, B. (2003). Prevalence and covariates of obesity in Lebanon: Findings from the first epidemiological study. Obesity Research, 11, 1353–1356.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slotnck, M. J., Nriagu, J. O., Johnson, M. M., Jamil, H., & Hammad, A. (2005). Profiles of trace elements in toenails of Arab Americans in the Detroit Area Michigan. Biological Trace Element Research, 107, 113–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenland, K., Johnson, J., & Nowlin, S. (1997). A follow-up study of job strain and heart disease among males in the NHANES1 population. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 31, 256–260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsutsumi, A., Kayaba, K., Theorell, T., & Siegrist, J. (2001). Association between job stress and depression among Japanese employees threatened by job loss in a comparison between two complementary job-stress models. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 27, 146–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F. D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Roell, G., & Thiemann, H. H. (1994). Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West Germany and East Germany. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care, 149, 358–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weglicki, L. S., Templin, T. N., Rice, V., Jamil, H., & Hammad, A. (2008). Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe Smoking by Arab and Non–Arab-American youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 335–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whooley, M. A., Kiefe, C. I., Chesney, M. A., Markovitz, J. H., Matthews, K., & Hulley, S. B. (2002). Depressive symptoms, unemployment, and loss of income: The CARDIA Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2614–2620.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2002). The world health report 2002—reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/

  • World Health Organization. (2005). Why is tobacco a public health priority? Retrieved January 10, 2010, from http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/index.html

  • World Health Organization. (2009). Global status report on road safety: Time for action. Geneva: 2009. ISBN 978-92-4-156384-0. Department of Violence & Injury Prevention & Disability (VIP). Retrieve from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563840_eng.pdf

  • World Health Organization. (2010). Tobacco free initiative. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_data/country_profiles/emro/en/

  • World Health Organization (2011). Global status report on road safety. Retrieve April 2011, from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/en/

  • World Health Organization (2012). Environmental health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/

  • Wylie-Rosett, J., Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., & Gans, K. (2002). Recent dietary guidelines to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Heart Disease, 4, 220–230. doi:10.1097/001325 80-200207000-00005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, J. S., & Thakur, S. (2000). Genetic risk assessment in hookah smokers. Cytobios Journal, 101, 101–113.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hikmet J. Jamil .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jamil, H.J. (2014). Promoting Environmental Health in the Arab American Community. In: Nassar-McMillan, S., Ajrouch, K., Hakim-Larson, J. (eds) Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics