Abstract
Comparative analyses of eye development in Drosophila and distantly related phyla have fundamentally changed the way we think about the evolution of animal eyes today. On the one hand, it is clear that select eye-patterning mechanisms have deep evolutionary roots, such as the involvement of Pax6 and an ever-extending catalogue of additional transcription factors with selector gene-like functions in development. On the other hand, the diversity of distinct eye types in extant animals implies the evolution of lineage-specific patterning processes, superimposed onto the ancient gene interactions inherited from the prototype eye at the dawn of animal evolution. Therefore, an important question to consider is how far back the regulatory program organizing the development of the compound eye in Drosophila can be traced to arthropod evolution.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allee JP, Pelletier CL, Fergusson EK, Champlin DT (2006) Early events in adult eye development of the moth, Manduca sexta. J Insect Physiol 52:450–460
Anderson H (1978) Postembryonic development of the visual system of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. I. Pattern of growth and developmental interactions in the retina and optic lobe. J Embryol Exp Morphol 45:55–83
Baker NE (2001) Master regulatory genes; telling them what to do. Bioessays 23:763–766
Baonza A, Freeman M (2002) Control of Drosophila eye specification by Wingless signalling. Development 129:5313–5322
Bennet RR, Tunstall J, Horridge GA (1967) Spectral sensitivity of single retinula cells in the locust. Z Vgl Physiol 55:195–206
Bentley D, Keshishian H, Shankland M, Toroian-Raymond A (1979) Quantitative staging of embryonic development of the grasshopper, Schistocerca nitens. J Embryol Exp Morphol 54:47–74
Bessa J, Gebelein B, Pichaud F, Casares F, Mann RS (2002) Combinatorial control of Drosophila eye development by eyeless, homothorax, and teashirt. Genes Dev 16:2415–2427
Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Hörnschemeyer T, Pohl H, Hünefeld F, Beckmann F, Meier R, Misof B, Whiting MF, Vilhelmsen L (2011) Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola. Cladistics 27:341–355
Blackburn DC, Conley KW, Plachetzki DC, Kempler K, Battelle BA, Brown NL (2008) Isolation and expression of Pax6 and atonal homologues in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Dev Dyn 237:2209–2219
Blum M, Labhart T (2000) Photoreceptor visual fields, ommatidial array, and receptor axon projections in the polarisation-sensitive dorsal rim area of the cricket compound eye. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 186:119–128
Bodenstein D (1953) Postembryonic development. In: Roeder KD (ed) Insect Physiology. Wiley, New York, pp 275–367
Brown SJ, Shippy TD, Miller S, Bolognesi R, Beeman RW, Lorenzen MD, Bucher G, Wimmer EA, Klingler M (2009) The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera): a model for studies of development and pest biology. Cold Spring Harb Protoc pdb.emo126
Buschbeck E, Friedrich M (2008) Evolution of insect eyes: tales of ancient heritage, deconstruction, reconstruction, remodeling and recycling. Evolution Education and Outreach 1:448–462
Buschbeck EK (2005) The compound lens eye of Strepsiptera: morphological development of larvae and pupae. Arthropod Struct Dev 34:315–326
Buschbeck EK, Roosevelt JL, Hoy RR (2001) Eye stalks or no eye stalks: a structural comparison of pupal development in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis and in Drosophila. J Comp Neurol 433:486–498
Cavodeassi F, Diez Del Corral R, Campuzano S, Dominguez M (1999) Compartments and organising boundaries in the Drosophila eye: the role of the homeodomain Iroquois proteins. Development 126:4933–4942
Cavodeassi F, Modolell J, Campuzano S (2000) The Iroquois homeobox genes function as dorsal selectors in the Drosophila head. Development 127:1921–1929
Champlin DT, Truman JW (1998) Ecdysteroids govern two phases of eye development during metamorphosis of the moth, Manduca sexta. Development 125:2009–2018
Chang T, Mazotta J, Dumstrei K, Dumitrescu A, Hartenstein V (2001) Dpp and Hh signaling in the Drosophila embryonic eye field. Development 128:4691–4704
Cho KO, Choi KW (1998) Fringe is essential for mirror symmetry and morphogenesis in the Drosophila eye. Nature 396:272–276
Dearden P, Akam M (2000) A role for Fringe in segment morphogenesis but not segment formation in the grasshopper, Schistocerca gregaria. Development Genes Evolution 210:329–336
Dominguez M, Casares F (2005) Organ specification-growth control connection: new in-sights from the Drosophila eye-antennal disc. Dev Dyn 232:673–684
Dominguez M, de Celis JF (1998) A dorsal/ventral boundary established by Notch controls growth and polarity in the Drosophila eye. Nature 396:276–278
Dominguez M, Ferres-Marco D, Gutierrez-Avino FJ, Speicher SA, Beneyto M (2004) Growth and specification of the eye are controlled independently by Eyegone and Eyeless in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Genet 36:31–39
Dong Y, Friedrich M (2005) Comparative analysis of Wg patterning in the embryonic grasshopper eye. Dev Genes Evol 215:177–197
Dong Y, Friedrich M (2010) Enforcing biphasic eye development in a directly developing insect by transient knockdown of single eye selector genes. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 314B:104–114
Dong Y, Dinan L, Friedrich M (2003) The effect of manipulating ecdysteroid signaling on embryonic eye development in the locust Schistocerca americana. Dev Genes Evol 213:587–600
Donner AL, Maas RL (2004) Conservation and non-conservation of genetic pathways in eye specification. Int J Dev Biol 48:743–753
Duman-Scheel M, Pirkl N, Patel NH (2002) Analysis of the expression pattern of Mysidium columbiae wingless provides evidence for conserved mesodermal and retinal patterning processes among insects and crustaceans. Dev Genes Evol 212:114–123
Egelhaaf A (1988) Evidence for the priming role of the central retinula cell in ommatidium differentiation of Ephestia kuehniella. Rouxs Arch Dev Biol 197:184–189
Erezyilmaz DF, Riddiford LM, Truman JW (2006) The pupal specifier broad directs progressive morphogenesis in a direct-developing insect. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103:6925–6930
Fahrenbach WH (1969) The morphology of the eyes of Limulus. II. Ommatidia of the compound eye. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 93:451–483
Force A, Lynch M, Pickett FB, Amores A, Yan YL, Postlethwait J (1999) Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations. Genetics 151:1531–1545
Friedrich M (2006) Continuity versus split and reconstitution: exploring the molecular developmental corollaries of insect eye primordium evolution. Dev Biol 299:310–329
Friedrich M (2008) Opsins and cell fate in the Drosophila Bolwig organ: tricky lessons in homology inference. Bioessays 30:980–993
Friedrich M, Benzer S (2000) Divergent decapentaplegic expression patterns in compound eye development and the evolution of insect metamorphosis. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev E 288:39–55
Friedrich M, Caravas J (2011) New insights from hemichordate genomes: prebilaterian origin and parallel modifications in the paired domain of the Pax gene eyegone. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev E 316:387–392
Friedrich M, Rambold I, Melzer RR (1996) The early stages of ommatidial development in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Dev Genes Evol 206:136–146
Friedrich M, Dong Y, Jackowska M (2006) Insect interordinal relationships: insights from the visual system. Arthropod Syst Phylogeny 64:133–148
Gehring WJ (2002) The genetic control of eye development and its implications for the evolution of the various eye-types. Int. J. Dev Biol 46:65–73
Greenwood S, Struhl G (1999) Progression of the morphogenetic furrow in the Drosophila eye: the roles of Hedgehog, Decapentaplegic and the Raf pathway. Development 126:5795–5808
Hafner GS, Tokarski TR (1998) Morphogenesis and pattern formation in the retina of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Cell Tissue Res 293:535–550
Hafner GS, Tokarski TR (2001) Retinal development in the lobster Homarus americanus. Comparison with compound eyes of insects and other crustaceans. Cell Tissue Res 305:147–158
Harzsch S, Walossek D (2001) Neurogenesis in the developing visual system of the branchiopod crustacean Triops longicaudatus (LeConte, 1846): corresponding patterns of compound-eye formation in Crustacea and Insecta? Dev Genes Evol 211:37–43
Heberlein U, Wolff T, Rubin GM (1993) The TGF beta homolog dpp and the segment polarity gene hedgehog are required for propagation of a morphogenetic wave in the Drosophila retina. Cell 75:913–926
Henze MJ, Dannenhauer K, Kohler M, Labhart T, Gesemann M (2012) Opsin evolution and expression in arthropod compound eyes and ocelli: Insights from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. BMC Evol Biol 12:163
Homberg U, Paech A (2002) Ultrastructure and orientation of ommatidia in the dorsal rim area of the locust compound eye. Arthropod Struct Dev 30:271–280
Inoue Y, Miyawaki K, Terasawa T, Matsushima K, Shinmyo Y, Niwa N, Mito T, Ohuchi H, Noji S (2004) Expression patterns of dachshund during head development of Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket). Gene Expr Patterns 4:725–731
Jackowska M, Bao R, Liu Z, McDonald EC, Cook TA, Friedrich M (2007) Genomic and gene regulatory signatures of cryptozoic adaptation: loss of blue sensitive photoreceptors through expansion of long wavelength-opsin expression in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Front Zool 4:24
Jun S, Wallen RV, Goriely A, Kalionis B, Desplan C (1998) Lune/eye gone, a Pax-like protein, uses a partial paired domain and a homeodomain for DNA recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:13720–13725
Kenyon KL, Ranade SS, Curtiss J, Mlodzik M, Pignoni F (2003) Coordinating proliferation and tissue specification to promote regional identity in the Drosophila head. Dev Cell 5:403–414
Klingler M (2004) Tribolium. Curr Biol 14:R639–R640
Konopova B, Jindra M (2008) Broad-Complex acts downstream of Met in juvenile hormone signaling to coordinate primitive holometabolan metamorphosis. Development 135:559–568
Koyama T, Syropyatova MO, Riddiford LM (2008) Insulin/IGF signaling regulates the change in commitment in imaginal discs and primordia by overriding the effect of juvenile hormone. Dev Biol 324:258–265
Kozmik Z (2008) The role of Pax genes in eye evolution. Brain Res Bull 75:335–339
Kristensen N (1999) Phylogeny of edopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms. Eur J Entomol 96:237–253
Kronhamn J, Frei E, Daube M, Jiao R, Shi Y, Noll M, Rasmuson-Lestander A (2002) Headless flies produced by mutations in the paralogous Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless. Development 129:1015–1026
Kumar JP (2009) The molecular circuitry governing retinal determination. Biochim Biophys Acta 1789:306–314
Kumar JP, Moses K (2001) The EGF receptor and Notch signaling pathways control the initiation of the morphogenetic furrow during Drosophila eye development. Development 128:2689–2697
Labhart T, Keller K (1992) Fine structure and growth of the polarization-sensitive dorsal rim area in the compound eye of larval crickets. Naturwissenschaften 79:527–529
Labhart T, Meyer EP (1999) Detectors for polarized skylight in insects: a survey of ommatidial specializations in the dorsal rim area of the compound eye. Microsc Res Tech 47:368–379
Lamb T (2011) Evolution’s witness: how eyes evolved. Oxford University Press, USA
Lee JD, Treisman JE (2001) The role of Wingless signaling in establishing the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the eye disc. Development 128:1519–1529
Lee MSY, Jago JB, Garcia-Bellido DC, Edgecombe GD, Gehling JG, Paterson JR (2011) Modern optics in exceptionally preserved eyes of Early Cambrian arthropods from Australia. Nature 474:631–634
Liu Z, Friedrich M (2004) The Tribolium homologue of glass and the evolution of insect larval eyes. Dev Biol 269:36–54
Liu Z, Yang X, Dong Y, Friedrich M (2006) Tracking down the “head blob”: comparative analysis of wingless expression in the embryonic insect procephalon reveals progressive reduction of ocular segment patterning in higher insects. Arthropod Struct Dev 35:341–356
Lomer CJ, Bateman RP, Johnson DL, Langewald J, Thomas M (2001) Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Annu Rev Entomol 46:667–702
Lorenz MW (2007) Oogenesis-flight syndrome in crickets: age-dependent egg production, flight performance, and biochemical composition of the flight muscles in adult female Gryllus bimaculatus. J Insect Physiol 53:819–832
Lynch V, Wagner G (2011) Revisiting a classic example of transcription factor functional equivalence: are Eyeless and Pax6 functionally equivalent or divergent? J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 316B:93–98
Ma CY, Zhou Y, Beachy PA, Moses K (1993) The segment polarity gene hedgehog is required for progression of the morphogenetic furrow in the developing Drosophila eye. Cell 75:927–938
MacWhinnie SGB, Allee JP, Nelson CA, Riddiford LM, Truman JW, Champlin DT (2005) The role of nutrition in creation of the eye imaginal disc and initiation of metamorphosis in Manduca sexta. Dev Biol 285:285–297
Maderspacher F, Bucher G, Klingler M (1998) Pair-rule and gap gene mutants in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Dev Genes Evol 208:558–568
Mahfooz NS, Li H, Popadić A (2004) Differential expression patterns of the hox gene are associated with differential growth of insect hind legs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:4877–4882
Maurel-Zaffran C, Treisman JE (2000) pannier acts upstream of wingless to direct dorsal eye disc development in Drosophila. Development 127:1007–1016
Melzer RR, Paulus HF (1989) Evolutionswege zum Larvalauge der Insekten -Die Stemmata der höheren Dipteren und ihre Abwandlung zum Bolwig-Organ. Z Zool Syst Evolutionsforsch 27:200–245
Melzer RR, Michalke C, Smola U (2000) Walking on insect paths? Early ommatidial development in the compound eye of the ancestral crustacean, Triops cancriformis. Naturwissenschaften 87:308–311
Mito T, Noji S (2008) The two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: an emerging model for developmental and regeneration studies. Cold Spring Harb Protoc: pdb.emo110
Monsma SA, Booker R (1996) Genesis of the adult retina and outer optic lobes of the moth, Manduca sexta. I. patterns of proliferation and cell death. J Comp Neurol 367:10–20
Moreaux L, Laurent G (2007) Estimating firing rates from calcium signals in locust projection neurons in vivo. Front Neural Circuits 1:2
Moses K, Rodrigues AB (2004) Growth and specification: fly Pax6 homologs eyegone and eyeless have distinct functions. Bioessays 26:600–603
Müller C, Rosenberg J, Richter S, Meyer-Rochow V (2003) The compound eye of Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758)(Chilopoda: Notostigmophora): an ultrastructural reinvestigation that adds support to the Mandibulata concept. Zoomorphology 122:191–209
Nilsson D-E (1996) Eye ancestry: old genes for new eyes. Curr Biol 6:39–42
Niwa N, Inoue Y, Nozawa A, Saito M, Misumi Y, Ohuchi H, Yoshioka H, Noji S (2000) Correlation of diversity of leg morphology in Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket) with divergence in dpp expression pattern during leg development. Development 127:4373–4381
Papayannopoulos V, Tomlinson A, Panin VM, Rauskolb C, Irvine KD (1998) Dorsal-ventral signaling in the Drosophila eye. Science 281:2031–2034
Park T (1934) Observations on the general biology of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. Quart Rev Biol 9:36–64
Parthasarathy R, Tan A, Bai H, Palli SR (2008) Transcription factor broad suppresses precocious development of adult structures during larval–pupal metamorphosis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Mech Dev 125:299–313
Paterson JR, Garcia-Bellido DC, Lee MSY, Brock GA, Jago JB, Edgecombe GD (2011) Acute vision in the giant Cambrian predator Anomalocaris and the origin of compound eyes. Nature 480:237–240
Perez-Mendoza J, Campbell JF, Throne JE (2011) Effects of rearing density, age, sex, and food deprivation on flight initiation of the red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol 104:443–451
Perron M, Kanekar S, Vetter ML, Harris WA (1998) The genetic sequence of retinal development in the ciliary margin of the Xenopus eye. Dev Biol 199:185–200
Pichaud F, Casares F (2000) homothorax and iroquois-C genes are required for the establishment of territories within the developing eye disc. Mech Dev 96:15–25
Pichaud F, Desplan C (2002) Pax genes and eye organogenesis. Current Opionion in Genetics and. Development 12:430–434
Posnien N, Schinko JB, Kittelmann S, Bucher G (2010) Genetics, development and composition of the insect head–a beetle’s view. Arthropod Struct Dev 39:399–410
Postlethwait JH, Schneiderman HA (1971) A clonal analysis of development in Drosophila melanogaster: morphogenesis, determination and and growth in the wild type antenna. Dev Biol 24:477–519
Prpic NM, Wigand B, Damen WG, Klingler M (2001) Expression of dachshund in wild-type and Distal-less mutant Tribolium corroborates serial homologies in insect appendages. Dev Genes Evol 211:467–477
Raymond PA, Barthel LK, Bernardos RL, Perkowski JJ (2006) Molecular characterization of retinal stem cells and their niches in adult zebrafish. BMC Dev Biol 6:36
Reifegerste R, Moses K (1999) Genetics of epithelial polarity and pattern in the Drosophila retina. Bioessays 21:275–285
Richards S, Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Brown SJ, Denell R, Beeman RW, Gibbs R, Bucher G, Friedrich M, Grimmelikhuijzen CJ, Klingler M, Lorenzen M, Roth S, Schroder R, Tautz D, Zdobnov EM, Muzny D, Attaway T, Bell S, Buhay CJ, Chandrabose MN, Chavez D, Clerk-Blankenburg KP, Cree A, Dao M, Davis C, Chacko J, Dinh H, Dugan-Rocha S, Fowler G, Garner TT, Garnes J, Gnirke A, Hawes A, Hernandez J, Hines S, Holder M, Hume J, Jhangiani SN, Joshi V, Khan ZM, Jackson L, Kovar C, Kowis A, Lee S, Lewis LR, Margolis J, Morgan M, Nazareth LV, Nguyen N, Okwuonu G, Parker D, Ruiz SJ, Santibanez J, Savard J, Scherer SE, Schneider B, Sodergren E, Vattahil S, Villasana D, White CS, Wright R, Park Y, Lord J, Oppert B, Brown S, Wang L, Weinstock G, Liu Y, Worley K, Elsik CG, Reese JT, Elhaik E, Landan G, Graur D, Arensburger P, Atkinson P, Beidler J, Demuth JP, Drury DW, Du YZ, Fujiwara H, Maselli V, Osanai M, Robertson HM, Tu Z, Wang JJ, Wang S, Song H, Zhang L, Werner D, Stanke M, Morgenstern B, Solovyev V, Kosarev P, Brown G, Chen HC, Ermolaeva O, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Kiryutin B, Kitts P, Maglott D, Pruitt K, Sapojnikov V, Souvorov A, Mackey AJ, Waterhouse RM, Wyder S, Kriventseva EV, Kadowaki T, Bork P, Aranda M, Bao R, Beermann A, Berns N, Bolognesi R, Bonneton F, Bopp D, Butts T, Chaumot A, Denell RE, Ferrier DE, Gordon CM, Jindra M, Lan Q, Lattorff HM, Laudet V, von Levetsow C, Liu Z, Lutz R, Lynch JA, da Fonseca RN, Posnien N, Reuter R, Schinko JB, Schmitt C, Schoppmeier M, Shippy TD, Simonnet F, Marques-Souza H, Tomoyasu Y, Trauner J, Van der Zee M, Vervoort M, Wittkopp N, Wimmer EA, Yang X, Jones AK, Sattelle DB, Ebert PR, Nelson D, Scott JG, Muthukrishnan S, Kramer KJ, Arakane Y, Zhu Q, Hogenkamp D, Dixit R, Jiang H, Zou Z, Marshall J, Elpidina E, Vinokurov K, Oppert C, Evans J, Lu Z, Zhao P, Sumathipala N, Altincicek B, Vilcinskas A, Williams M, Hultmark D, Hetru C, Hauser F, Cazzamali G, Williamson M, Li B, Tanaka Y, Predel R, Neupert S, Schachtner J, Verleyen P, Raible F, Walden KK, Angeli S, Foret S, Schuetz S, Maleszka R, Miller SC, Grossmann D (2008) The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum. Nature 452:949–955
Ridley AW, Hereward JP, Daglish GJ, Raghu S, Collins PJ, Walter GH (2011) The spatiotemporal dynamics of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst): adult flight and gene flow. Mol Ecol 20:1635–1646
Rogers SM, Harston GW, Kilburn-Toppin F, Matheson T, Burrows M, Gabbiani F, Krapp HG (2010) Spatiotemporal receptive field properties of a looming-sensitive neuron in solitarious and gregarious phases of the desert locust. J Neurophysiol 103:779–792
Roonwal ML (1936) Studies on the embryology of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides Reiche and Frm. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) II-Organogeny. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 227:175–244
Salvini-Plawen L, Mayr E (1977) On the evolution of photoreceptors and eyes. Evol Biol 10:207–263
Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD, Bastiani M (1995) Contributions of an orthopteran to the understanding of neuronal pathfinding. Immunol Cell Biol 73:565–574
Sato K, Matsunaga TM, Futahashi R, Kojima T, Mita K, Banno Y, Fujiwara H (2008) Positional cloning of a Bombyx wingless locus flugellos (fl) reveals a crucial role for fringe that is specific for wing morphogenesis. Genetics 179:875–885
Savard J, Tautz D, Richards S, Weinstock GM, Gibbs RA, Werren JH, Tettelin H, Lercher MJ (2006) Phylogenomic analysis reveals bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) at the base of the radiation of holometabolous insects. Genome Res 16:1334–1338
Schinko J, Hillebrand K, Bucher G (2012) Heat shock-mediated misexpression of genes in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Dev Genes Evol 222:287–298
Schroder R (2003) The genes orthodenticle and hunchback substitute for bicoid in the beetle Tribolium. Nature 422:621–625
Singh A, Kango-Singh M, Parthasarathy R, Gopinathan KP (2007) Larval legs of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori are prototypes for the adult legs. Genesis 45:169–176
Smith WC, Price DA, Greenberg RM, Battelle BA (1993) Opsins from the lateral eyes and ocelli of the horseshoe-crab, Limulus polyphemus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:6150–6154.
Sokoloff A (1972) The biology of Tribolium. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Stambolic V, Ruel L, Woodgett JR (1996) Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity and mimics wingless signalling in intact cells. Curr Biol 6:1664–1668
Suzuki Y, Truman JW, Riddiford LM (2008) The role of Broad in the development of Tribolium castaneum: implications for the evolution of the holometabolous insect pupa. Development 135:569–577
Suzuki Y, Squires DC, Riddiford LM (2009) Larval leg integrity is maintained by Distal-less and is required for proper timing of metamorphosis in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Dev Biol 326:60–67
Takagi A, Kurita K, Terasawa T, Nakamura T, Bando T, Moriyama Y, Mito T, Noji S, Ohuchi H (2012) Functional analysis of the role of eyes absent and sine oculis in the developing eye of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Dev Growth Differ 54:227–240
Towner P, Harris P, Wolstenholme AJ, Hill C, Worm K, Gartner W (1997) Primary structure of locust opsins: a speculative model which may account for ultraviolet wavelength light detection. Vision Res 37:495–503
Treisman JE, Rubin GM (1995) wingless inhibits morphogenetic furrow movement in the Drosophila eye disc. Development 121:3519–3527
Truman JW, Riddiford LM (2002) Endocrine insights into the evolution of metamorphosis in insects. Annu Rev Entomol 47:467–500
Truman JW, Hiruma K, Allee JP, MacWhinnie SGB, Champlin DT, Riddiford LM (2006) Juvenile hormone is required to couple imaginal disc formation with nutrition in insects. Science 312:1385–1388
Uhlirova M, Foy BD, Beaty BJ, Olson KE, Riddiford LM, Jindra M (2003) Use of Sindbis virus-mediated RNA interference to demonstrate a conserved role of Broad-Complex in insect metamorphosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15607–15612
Vishnevskaya TM, Cherkasov AD, Shura-Bura TM (1985) Spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors in the compound eye of the locust. Neurophysiology 18:69–76
Wiegmann BM, Trautwein MD, Kim JW, Cassel BK, Bertone MA, Winterton SL, Yeates DK (2009) Single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects. BMC Biol 7:34
Wieschaus E, Gehring W (1976) Clonal analysis of primordial disc cells in the early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 50:249–263
Wilson M, Garrard P, McGinness S (1978) The unit structure of the locust compound eye. Cell Tiss Res 195:205–226
Yang X, Weber M, ZarinKamar N, Wigand B, Posnien G, Friedrich R, Beutel R, Damen W, Bucher G, Klingler M, Friedrich M (2009a) Probing the Drosophila retinal determination gene network in Tribolium (II): the Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless. Dev Biol 333:215–227
Yang X, ZarinKamar N, Bao R, Friedrich M (2009b) Probing the Drosophila retinal determination gene network in Tribolium (I): the early retinal genes dachshund, eyes absent and sine oculis. Dev Biol 333:202–214
Yu L, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Pignoni F (2012) Identification of Bombyx atonal and functional comparison with the Drosophila atonal proneural factor in the developing fly eye. Genesis 50:393–403
ZarinKamar N, Yang X, Bao R, Friedrich F, Beutel R, Friedrich M, 2011. The Pax gene eyegone facilitates repression of eye development in Tribolium. Evodevo 2:8
Zuker CS (1994) On the evolution of eyes: would you like it simple or compound? Science 265:742–743
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Amit Singh for the invitation to provide this book chapter, Rewaa Yas for meticulous proofreading of the manuscript,and Dr. Sumihare Noji for providing Fig. 7. Research in the Friedrich lab has been supported by NSF awards IOS 0951886, IOS 0091926, and EF-0334948.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Friedrich, M., Dong, Y., Liu, Z., Yang, I. (2013). Genetic Regulation of Early Eye Development in Non-dipteran Insects. In: Singh, A., Kango-Singh, M. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Axial Patterning, Growth and Disease in the Drosophila Eye. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8232-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8232-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8231-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8232-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)