Abstract
In November 2012, the European Commission (2012) announced that the short-term outlook for the economy of the European Union (EU) and the Euro zone remains fragile; however, GDP growth is expected to gradually return in 2013, with further strengthening in 2014. According to the report, strong policy actions to contain the lasting crisis and measures to improve the functioning of Economic and Monetary Union have helped stabilize the EU economy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The 12 pillars include: institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication, and innovation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lin, C.YY., Edvinsson, L., Chen, J., Beding, T. (2014). Introduction. In: National Intellectual Capital and the Financial Crisis in France, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8181-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8181-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8180-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8181-2
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)