Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Impact of Mammography Screening on the Diagnosis and Management of Early-Phase Breast Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Breast Cancer

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the conflicting theories concerning better control of breast cancer. The evidence from randomized controlled trials and service screening, based upon individualized patient data, overwhelmingly confirms that detection and treatment of breast cancer at an earlier phase have accomplished a significantly reduced mortality from the disease. The revolution in breast imaging and its impact upon breast cancer management, despite the unquestionable benefits, have incited a debate over the perceived benefits and risks of current practice. The pros and cons of this ongoing debate are carefully analyzed in this chapter. As breast cancer is detected at an ever-earlier phase, the complexity of the disease challenges the current terminology and necessitates the diagnostic and therapeutic team members to reevaluate the standards of care, which have been based upon palpable, advanced breast cancer. Better correlation of imaging with histopathology necessitates large-section histopathology technique to provide a more reliable determination of surgical margins, tumor extent, and especially demonstration of the multifocal and diffusely infiltrating forms of breast cancer. Adding the mammographic tumor features to the current histologic prognostic features improves the prediction of long-term patient outcome and facilitates treatment planning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Druitt R, Sargent F. The Principles and Practice of Modern Surgery. A New American from the last and improved London edition. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea. 1852, p 513. http://voyagercatalog.kumc.edu/Record/81542/Cite

  2. Malmgren JA, Parikh J, Atwood MK, Kaplan HG. Impact of mammography detection on the course of breast cancer in women aged 40–49 years. Radiology. 2012;262:797–806.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tabár L, Duffy SW, Vitak B, Chen Hsiu-Hsi T, Prevost TC. The natural history of breast carcinoma. What have we learned from screening? Cancer. 1999;86(3):449–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Fagerberg G, Gad A, Grontoft O, South MC, et al. Breast screening, prognostic factors and survival results from the Swedish two-county study. Br J Cancer. 1991;64:1133–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tabár L, Tucker L, Davenport RR, Mullet JG, Chen Hsiu-Hsi T , Ming-Fang Yen A, Yueh-Hsia Chiu S, Gladwell J, Olinger K, Dean PB. The use of mammographic tumour feature significantly improves outcome prediction of breast cancers smaller than 15 mm: a reproducibility study from two comprehensive breast centres. memo. 2011;4: 1–10. Vienna: Springer; 2011. doi:10.1007/s12254-011-0287-y.

  6. Tabár L, Vitak B, Chen HH, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Chiang CF, Krusemo UB, Tot T, Smith RA. The Swedish two-county trial twenty years later. Updated mortality results and new insights from long-term follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38(4):625–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fisher B. Laboratory and clinical research in breast cancer: a personal adventure: the David A. Karnofsky memorial lecture. Cancer Res. 1980;40(11):3863–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fisher ER. Pathobiologic considerations in the treatment of breast cancer. In: Grundfest-Broniatowski S, Esselstyn CB, editors. Controversies in breast disease. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1988. p. 151–80.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fisher B. From Halsted to prevention and beyond: advances in the management of breast cancer during the twentieth century. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35(14):1963–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Smith RA, Duffy SW, Gabe R, Tabár L, Yen AM, Chen TH. The randomized trials of breast cancer screening: what have we learned? Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42(5):793–806.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shapiro S, Strax P, Venet L. Periodic breast cancer screening in reducing mortality from breast cancer. JAMA. 1971;215:1777–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tabár L, Fagerberg CJ, Gad A, Baldetorp L, Holmberg LH, Gröntoft O, Ljungquist U, Lundström B, Månson JC, Eklund G, et al. Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Randomised trial from the Breast Cancer Screening Working Group of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Lancet. 1985;1(8433):829–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nyström L, Rutquist LE, Wall S, et al. Breast cancer screening with mammography: overview of the Swedish randomised trials. Lancet. 1993;341:973–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Breast cancer screening, IARC handbooks of cancer prevention, vol. 7. Lyon: IARC; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Verbeek AL, Boer R, Reijerink-Verheij JC, Otten JD, Broeders MJ, De Koning HJ, National Evaluation Team for Breast Cancer Screening. Mammography screening and risk of breast cancer death: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(1):66–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bjurstam N, Björneld L, Duffy SW, Smith TC, Cahlin E, Eriksson O, Hafström LO, Lingaas H, Mattsson J, Persson S, Rudenstam CM. Säve-Söderbergh. The Gothenburg breast screening trial: first results on mortality, incidence, and mode of detection for women ages 39-49 years at randomization. Cancer. 1997;80(11):2091–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hellquist BN, Duffy SW, Abdsaleh S, Björneld L, Bordás P, Tabár L, Viták B, Zackrisson S, Nyström L, Jonsson H. Effectiveness of population-based service screening with mammography for women ages 40 to 49 years: evaluation of the Swedish Mammography Screening in Young Women (SCRY) cohort. Cancer. 2011;117(4):714–22. doi:10.1002/cncr.25650. Epub 2010 Sep 29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Chen HH, et al. The impact of organized mammography service screening on breast carcinoma mortality in seven Swedish counties. Cancer. 2002;95(3):458–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Group SOSSE. Reduction in breast cancer mortality from organized service screening with mammography.I. Further confirmation with extended data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(1):45–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Feig SA. Effect of service screening mammography on population mortality from breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95(3):451–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tabár L, Vitak B, Chen TH, Yen AM, Cohen A, Tot T, Chiu SY, Chen SL, Fann JC, Rosell J, Fohlin H, Smith RA, Duffy SW. Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. Radiology. 2011;260(3):658–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tabár L, Fagerberg G, Day NE, Duffy SW, Kitchin RM. Breast cancer treatment and natural history: new insights from results of screening. Lancet. 1992;339(8790):412–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fisher B, Anderson SJ. The breast cancer alternative hypothesis: is there evidence to justify replacing It? J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):366–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, Bryant J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N. Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(8):567–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J, Margolese RG, Deutsch M, Fisher ER, Jeong JH, Wolmark N. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(16):1233–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gøtzsche PC, Nielsen M. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD001877

    Google Scholar 

  27. Esserman LJ, Shieh Y, Rutgers EJ, Knauer M, Retèl VP, Mook S, Glas AM, Moore DH, Linn S, van Leeuwen FE, van t Veer LJ. Impact of mammographic screening on the detection of good and poor prognosis breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;130(3):725–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Esserman L, Shieh Y, Thompson I. Rethinking screening for breast cancer and prostate cancer. JAMA. 2009;302(15):1685–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Breast-cancer screening with mammography in women aged 40–49 years. Int J Cancer. 1996;68(6):693–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fracheboud J, Otto SJ, van Dijck JA, Broeders MJ, Verbeek AL, de Koning HJ, National Evaluation Team for Breast cancer screening (NETB). Decreased rates of advanced breast cancer due to mammography screening in The Netherlands. Br J Cancer. 2004;91(5):861–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Day NE, Williams DR, Khaw KT. Breast cancer screening programmes: the development of a monitoring and evaluation system. Br J Cancer. 1989;59(6):954–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tabár L, Vitak B, Chen HH, Yen MF, Duffy SW, Smith RA. Beyond randomized controlled trials: organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality. Cancer. 2001;91(9):1724–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Connor AJM, Pinder SE, Elston CW, Bell JA, Wencyk P, Robertson JFR, et al. Intratumoural heterogeneity of proliferation in invasive breast carcinoma evaluated with MIB1 antibody. Breast. 1997;6:171–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Teixera MR, Pandis N, Bardi G, Andersen JA, Mitelman F, Heim S. Clonal heterogeneity in breast cancer: karyotypic comparisons of multiple intra and extra-tumorous samples from 3 patients. Int J Cancer. 1995;63:63–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S, Larkin J, Endesfelder D, Gronroos E, Martinez P, Matthews N, Stewart A, Tarpey P, Varela I, Phillimore B, Begum S, McDonald NQ, Butler A, Jones D, Raine K, Latimer C, Santos CR, Nohadani M, Eklund AC, Spencer-Dene B, Clark G, Pickering L, Stamp G, Gore M, Szallasi Z, Downward J, Futreal PA, Swanton C. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(10):883–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tubiana M, Koscielny S. Natural history of human breast cancer: recent data and clinical implications. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1991;18(3):125–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Fagerberg G, Gad A, Gröntoft O, South MC, Day NE. Breast screening, prognostic factors and survival–results from the Swedish two county study. Br J Cancer. 1991;64(6):1133–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tabár L, Tot T, Dean PB. Early detection of breast cancer: large-section and subgross thick-section histologic correlation with mammographic appearances. RadioGraphics. 2007;27:S5–S35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hendrick RE, Helvie MA. United States Preventive Services Task Force screening mammography recommendations: science ignored. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196(2):W112–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Swedish Organised Service Screening Evaluation Group. Effect of mammographic service screening on stage at presentation of breast cancers in Sweden. Cancer. 2007;109(11):2205–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Holland R, Veling SHJ, Mravunac M, Hendriks JHCL. Histologic multifocality of Tis, T1-2 breast carcinomas. Implications for clinical trials of breast conserving surgery. Cancer. 1985;56:979–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tot T. Clinical relevance of the distribution of the lesions in 500 consecutive breast cancer cases documented in large-format histologic sections. Cancer. 2007;110(11):2551–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tabár L, Dean PB, Tot T, Lindhe N, Ingvarsson M, Yen AM-F. The implications of the imaging manifestations of multifocal and diffuse breast cancers. In: Tot T, editor. Breast cancer: a lobar disease. London: Springer; 2011. p. 87–152.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Weissenbacher TM, Zschage M, Janni W, Jeschke U, Dimpfl T, Mayr D, Rack B, Schindlbeck C, Friese K, Dian D. Multicentric and multifocal versus unifocal breast cancer: is the tumor-node-metastasis classification justified? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;122(1):27–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kouzminova NB, Aggarwal S, Aggarwal A, Allo MD, Lin AY. Impact of initial surgical margins and residual cancer upon re-excision on outcome of patients with localized breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2009;198(6):771–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Turnbull L, Brown S, Harvey I, Olivier C, Drew P, Napp V, Hanby A, Brown J. Comparative effectiveness of MRI in breast cancer (COMICE) trial: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9714):563–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Houssami N, Ciatto S, Macaskill P, et al. Accuracy and surgical impact of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer staging: systematic review and meta-analysis in detection of multifocal and multicentric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3248–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lundquist D, Hellberg D, Tot T. Disease extent ≥4 cm is a prognostic marker of local recurrence in T1-2 breast cancer. Patholog Res Int. 2011; 2011:860584.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tucker FL. New era pathologic techniques in the diagnosis and reporting of breast cancers. Semin Breast Dis. 2008;11:140–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Tabár L, Tot T, Dean PB. Breast cancer. Early detection with mammography. Casting type calcifications: sign of a subtype with deceptive features. Thieme: Stuttgart; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Tabár L, Tot T, Dean PB. Breast cancer. Early detection with mammography. Crushed stone-like calcifications: the most frequent malignant type. Thieme: Stuttgart; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Tabár L, Tot T, Dean PB. Breast cancer: the art and science of early detection with mammography. New York: Stuttgart; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Tabár L, Dean PB, Chen HHT, Duffy SW, Yen AM-F, Chiu SY-H. Early detection of breast cancer challenges current standards of care. In: Silberman H, Silberman AW, editors. Principles and practice of surgical oncology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Tabár L, Tucker L, Davenport RR, Mullet JG, Chen H-HT, Yen AM-F, Chiu SY-H, Gladwell J, Olinger K, Dean PB. The use of mammographic tumour feature significantly improves outcome prediction of breast cancers smaller than 15mm: a reproducibility study from two comprehensive breast centers. memo. 2011;4:1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Tabár L, Chen HH, Yen MF, et al. Mammographic tumor features can predict long-term outcomes reliably in women with 1-14-mm invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101: 1745–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Wald NJ, Law MR, Duffy SW. Breast screening saves lives. BMJ. 2009;339:b2922.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Smith RA, Duffy S, Tabár L. Screening and early detection. In: Barbiera GV, Esteva FJ, Skoracki R, editors. Advanced therapy of breast disease. 3rd ed. Shelton, Conn: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Jørgensen KJ, Zahl PH, Gøtzsche PC. Breast cancer mortality in organised mammography screening in Denmark: comparative study. BMJ. 2010;340:c1241. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Sjönell G, Ståhle L. Mammographic screening does not reduce breast cancer mortality. Lakartidningen. 1999;96(8):904–5. pp. 908–13 (Swedish).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Autier P, Boniol M, Gavin A, Vatten LJ. Breast cancer mortality in neighbouring European countries with different levels of screening but similar access to treatment: trend analysis of WHO mortality database. BMJ. 2011;343:d4411. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Welch HG, Frankel BA. Likelihood that a woman with screen-detectedbreast cancer has had her “life saved” by that screening. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(22):2043–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Haukka J, Byrnes G, Boniol M, Autier P. Trends in breast cancer mortality in Sweden before and after implementation of mammography screening. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e22422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Dean P, Tabár L, Yen M-F. Why does vehement opposition to screening come from Denmark, which has one of Europe’s highest breast cancer mortality rates? BMJ. 2010. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/340/mar23_1/c1241. Assessed 1 Jun 2012.

  64. Humphrey LL, Helfand M, Chan BKS, Woolf SH. Breast cancer screening: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:347–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, et al. Screening for breast cancer: systematic evidence review update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:727–W242.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Gøtzsche P, Hartling OJ, Nielson M, Brodersen J, Jørgensen KJ. Breast screening: the facts- or maybe not. BMJ. 2009;338:446–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Duffy SW. Estimate of breast screening benefit was 6 times too large. http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b86?tab = responses. Assessed 2 Jun 2012.

  68. Wald NJ, Law MR. Breast screening saves lives. BMJ. 2009;339:b2922.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Beral V, Alexander M, Duffy S, Ellis IO, Given-Wilson R, Holmberg L, Moss SM, Ramirez A, Reed MW, Rubin C, Whelehan P, Wilson R, Young KC. The number of women who would need to be screened regularly by mammography to prevent one death from breast cancer. J Med Screen. 2011;18(4):210–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Duffy SW, Ming-Fang Yen A, Chen H-H, Chen S, Chiu S, Fan J, Smith RA, Vitak B, Tabár L. Long-term benefits of breast screening. Breast Cancer Manage. 2012;1(1):31–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Tabár L, Vitak B, Yen MF, Chen HH, Smith RA, Duffy SW. Number needed to screen: lives saved over 20 years of follow-up in mammographic screening. J Med Screen. 2004;11(3):126–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ, Zahl PH, Mæhlen J. Why mammography screening has not lived up to expectations from the randomised trials. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(1):15–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Kalager M, Adami HO, Bretthauer M, Tamimi RM. Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian screening program. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(7):491–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Welch HG, Black WC. Overdiagnosis in cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(9):605–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Overdiagnosis in publicly organised mammography screening programmes: systematic review of incidence trends. BMJ. 2009;339:b2587. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2587.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Duffy SW, Agbaje O, Tabár L, Vitak B, Bjurstam N, Björneld L, Myles JP, Warwick J. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer: estimates of overdiagnosis from two trials of mammographic screening for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(6):258–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. de Gelder R, Heijnsdijk EA, van Ravesteyn NT, Fracheboud J, Draisma G, de Koning HJ. Interpreting overdiagnosis estimates in population-based mammography screening. Epidemiol Rev. 2011;33(1):111–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Paci E, Miccinesi G, Puliti D, Baldazzi P, De Lisi V, Falcini F, Cirilli C, Ferretti S, Mangone L, Finarelli AC, Rosso S, Segnan N, Stracci F, Traina A, Tumino R, Zorzi M. Estimate of overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography after adjustment for lead time. A service screening study in Italy. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8(6):R68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Kopans DB, Smith RA, Duffy SW. Mammographic screening and “overdiagnosis”. Radiology. 2011;260(3):616–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Paci E, Duffy S. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer: overdiagnosis and overtreatment in service screening. Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(6):266–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Yen MF, Tabár L, Vitak B, Smith RA, Chen HH, Duffy SW. Quantifying the potential problem of overdiagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ in breast cancer screening. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(12):1746–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Yen AM, Duffy SW, Chen TH, Chen LS, Chiu SY, Fann JC, Wu WY, Su CW, Smith RA, Tabár L. Long-term incidence of breast cancer by trial arm in one county of the Swedish Two-County Trial of mammographic screening. Cancer. 2012. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27580

  83. Hellquist BN, Duffy SW, Nyström L, Jonsson H. Overdiagnosis in the population-based service screening programme with mammography for women aged 40 to 49 years in Sweden. J Med Screen. 2012;19(1):14–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Olsen AH, et al. Absolute numbers of lives saved and overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening, from a randomized trial and from the breast screening programme in England. J Med Screen. 2010;17:25–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Puliti D, Zappa M, Miccinesi G, Falini P, Crocetti E, Paci E. An estimate of overdiagnosis 15 years after the start of mammographic screening in Florence. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45: 3166–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Gøtzsche PC, Olsen O. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable? Lancet. 2000;355:129–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Olsen O, Gøtzsche PC. Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mammography. Lancet. 2001;358:1340–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Black WC, Haggstrom DA, Welch HG. All-cause mortality in randomized trials of cancer screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:167–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Juffs HG, Tannock IF. Screening trials are even more difficult than we thought they were. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:156–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Smith RA. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Lancet. 2001;358(9299):2166. author reply 2167-8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Tabár L, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Warwick J, Vitak B, Chen HH, Smith RA. All-cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial: support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. J Med Screen. 2002;9(4):159–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Nyström L, Larsson LG, Wall S, Rutqvist LE, Andersson I, Bjurstam N, Fagerberg G, Frisell J, Tabár L. An overview of the Swedish randomised mammography trials: total mortality pattern and the representivity of the study cohorts. J Med Screen. 1996;3(2):85–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Day NE. Breast cancer screening. Ugeskr Laeger. 2002;164(2):207–9. Danish.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Freedman DA, Petitti DB, Robins JM. On the efficacy of screening for breast cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33(1):43–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wald N. Populist instead of professional. J Med Screen. 2000;7(1):1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Holmberg L, Duffy SW, Yen AM, Tabár L, Vitak B, Nyström L, Frisell J. Differences in endpoints between the Swedish W-E (two county) trial of mammographic screening and the Swedish overview: methodological consequences. J Med Screen. 2009;16(2):73–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Duffy SW, Tabár L, Smith RA. The mammographic screening trials: commentary on the recent work by Olsen and Gøtzsche. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52(2):68–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Kopans DB. The most recent breast cancer screening controversy about whether mammographic screening benefits women at any age: nonsense and nonscience. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(1):21–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Bock K, Borisch B, Cawson J, Damtjernhaug B, de Wolf C, Dean P, den Heeten A, Doyle G, Fox R, Frigerio A, Gilbert F, Hecht G, Heindel W, Heywang-Köbrunner SH, Holland R, Jones F, Lernevall A, Madai S, Mairs A, Muller J, Nisbet P, O'Doherty A, Patnick J, Perry N, Regitz-Jedermann L, Rickard M, Rodrigues V, Del Turco MR, Scharpantgen A, Schwartz W, Seradour B, Skaane P, Tabár L, Tornberg S, Ursin G, Van Limbergen E, Vandenbroucke A, Warren LJ, Warwick L, Yaffe M, Zappa M. Effect of population-based screening on breast cancer mortality. Lancet. 2011;378(9805):1775–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Gøtzsche P. Screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet. 1997;349:356.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Jørgensen KJ, Keen JD, Gøtzsche PC. Is mammographic screening justifiable considering its substantial overdiagnosis rate and minor effect on mortality? Radiology. 2011;260:621–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ. Effect of population-based screening on breast cancer mortality. Lancet. 2012;379(9823):1297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Patnick J, Perry N, de Wolf C. Effect of population-based screening on breast cancer mortality. Lancet. 2012; 379(9823): author reply 1298.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Gøtzsche PC. Mammography screening: truth, lies and controversy. Milton Keynes, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Cuzick J. Breast cancer screening – time to move forward. Lancet. 2012;379(9823):1289–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Feig SA, Duffy SW. Screening results, controversies and guidelines. In: Bassett LW, Mahony M, Apple S, D'Orsi C, editors. Breast imaging. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010. p. 56–75.

    Google Scholar 

  107. O'Sullivan I, Sutton S, Dixon S, Perry N. False positive results do not have a negative effect on reattendance for subsequent breast screening. J Med Screen. 2001;8(3):145–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Harris R. Variation of benefits and harms of breast cancer screening with age. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1997;22:139–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Barton MB. Breast cancer screening. Benefits, risks, and current controversies. Postgrad Med. 2005;118(2):27–8, 33–6, 46.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Østerlie W, Solbjør M, Skolbekken JA, Hofvind S, Saetnan AR, Forsmo S. Challenges of informed choice in organised screening. J Med Ethics. 2008;34(9):e5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Kmietowicz Z. Breast screening benefits twice as many women as it harms, shows new analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:c1824. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1824.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Roder DM, Olver IN. Do the benefits of screening mammography outweigh the harms of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment?–yes. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Bell RJ, Burton RC. Do the benefits of screening mammography outweigh the harms of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment?–no. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Gøtzsche PC, Nielsen M. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(1):CD001877. Review.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Thornton H. Communicating to citizens the benefits, harms and risks of preventive interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010;64(2):101–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Baum M. Should routine screening by mammography be replaced by a more selective service of risk assessment/risk management? Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2010;6(1):71–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Suhrke P, Mæhlen J, Schlichting E, Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC, Zahl PH. Effect of mammography screening on surgical treatment for breast cancer in Norway: comparative analysis of cancer registry data. BMJ. 2011;343:d4692. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Lawrence G, Kearins O, Lagord C, et al. Second all breast cancer report. 2011. http://www.ncin.org.uk/view.aspx?rid=612. Accessed 4 Nov 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Paci E, Duffy SW, Giorgi D, et al. Are breast cancer screening programmes increasing rates of mastectomy? Observational study. BMJ. 2002;325(7361):418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. Dags att slopa mammografi screeningen (Time to abolish mammography screening). Lakartidningen. 2012;109(13):690–2. Swedish.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Gøtzsche PC. BBC Radio 4 Interview Jan 23. 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b019rly3.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mammography, Falun Central Hospital, Svärdsjögatan, Falun, Sweden

    László Tabár M.D., F.A.C.R.

  2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Peter B. Dean M.D.

  3. Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen

  4. School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Amy Ming-Fang Yen

  5. Department and Graduate Institute of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu

  6. Department of Clinical Pathology, Central Hospital Falun, Falun, Sweden

    Tibor Tot M.D., Ph.D.

  7. Cancer Control Science Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Robert A. Smith

  8. Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, London, UK

    Stephen W. Duffy M.Sc.

Authors
  1. László Tabár M.D., F.A.C.R.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter B. Dean M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amy Ming-Fang Yen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tibor Tot M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Robert A. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Stephen W. Duffy M.Sc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to László Tabár M.D., F.A.C.R. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Darius S. Francescatti

  2. Hoag Breast Program, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, California, USA

    Melvin J. Silverstein

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tabár, L. et al. (2014). The Impact of Mammography Screening on the Diagnosis and Management of Early-Phase Breast Cancer. In: Francescatti, D., Silverstein, M. (eds) Breast Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8063-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8063-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8062-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8063-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation