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Nanoelectronic Applications of Molecular Junctions

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Book cover Transport Properties of Molecular Junctions

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics ((STMP,volume 254))

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Abstract

It is a common knowledge that the first functioning transistor was invented in the late 1940s by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley, and this invention had marked the starting point for the microelectronic revolution. The metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors (MOSFET) appeared in the 1960s, and they dominated the development of microelectronics in the following forty years. Computer industry and digital communication systems give two examples of MOSFET applications. One of the most important characteristics of the progress in microelectronics is the process of miniaturization of electronic devices. As early as 1965, Gordon Moore has made his famous prediction that the number of transistors placed on a single silicon chip would double every one and one half year [472]. This prediction became the roadmap of the semiconductor industry. The increase in the number of transistors situated on a sole chip requires their miniaturization. Actually, the size of MOSFET produced by the microelectronic industry during the last thirty years has shrunken a factor of more than one hundred, and presently it reaches a few tens of nanometer [472]. However, there are grounds to expect increasing difficulties slowing down the MOSFET miniaturization beyond the 10 nm mode. These problems mostly originate from the fact that a nanometer-sized MOSFET no longer behaves as a device with a long channel, that is, a device where the electrostatics and the current flow in the channel between the source and drain are effectively controlled by the gate. When the channel length becomes too short, the gate ability to control the channel deteriorates, and the so-called short-channel effects appear. These effects increase the MOSFET “off” current and render the current dependence of the bias voltage, so the device performance worsens. To improve the electrostatic control of the channel by the gate, new device structures are being explored, where the gate electrode is wrapped around the channel region. These devices are called multi-gate MOSFETs, and their size could be made smaller than that of usual planar devices. Functional multi-gate transistors made in a silicon nanowire with the diameter of 3 nm were reported in 2006 [473].

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    Natalya A. Zimbovskaya

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Zimbovskaya, N.A. (2013). Nanoelectronic Applications of Molecular Junctions. In: Transport Properties of Molecular Junctions. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 254. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8011-2_6

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